To achieve high solar energy utilization
efficiency, photothermal
materials with broadband absorption of sunlight and high conversion
efficiency are becoming a fast-growing research focus. Inspired by
the forest structure with efficient sunlight utilization, we designed
and fabricated a graphene film consisting of densely arranged porous
graphene though laser scribing on polybenzoxazine resin (poly(Ph-ddm)).
This hierarchical structure significantly reduced the light reflection
of graphene as a 2D material. With a combination of advanced photothermal
conversion properties of graphene, the 3D structured graphene film,
named forest-like laser-induced graphene (forest-like LIG), was endowed
with a very high light absorption of 99.0% over the whole wavelength
range of sunlight as well as advanced light-to-heat conversion performance
(reaching up to 87.7 °C within 30 s under the illumination of
simulated sunlight and showing an equilibrium temperature of 90.7
± 0.4 °C). As a further benefit of its superhydrophobicity,
a photothermal actuator with quick actuated response and high motion
velocity, as well as a solar-driven interfacial desalination membrane
with durable salt-rejecting properties and high solar evaporation
efficiencies, was demonstrated.
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