Physcomitrella patens is well known because of its importance in the study of plant systematics and evolution. The tolerance of P. patens for high-salinity environments also makes it an ideal candidate for studying the molecular mechanisms by which plants respond to salinity stresses. We measured changes in the proteome of P. patens gametophores that were exposed to high-salinity (250, 300, and 350 mM NaCl) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sixty-five protein spots were significantly altered by exposure to the high-salinity environment. Among them, 16 protein spots were down-regulated and 49 protein spots were up-regulated. These proteins were associated with a variety of functions, including energy and material metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, cell defense, cell growth/division, transport, signal transduction, and transposons. Specifically, the up-regulated proteins were primarily involved in defense, protein folding, and ionic homeostasis. In summary, we outline several novel insights into the response of P. patens to high-salinity; (1) HSP70 is likely to play a significant role in protecting proteins from denaturation and degradation during salinity stress, (2) signaling proteins, such as 14-3-3 and phototropin, may work cooperatively to regulate plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and maintain ion homeostasis, (3) an increase in photosynthetic activity may contribute to salinity tolerance, and (4) ROS scavengers were up-regulated suggesting that the antioxidative system may play a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage following exposure to salinity stress in P. patens.
Although the incidence of colorectal cancer is steadily increasing, screening for colorectal cancer with conventional approaches is not routinely performed in China. Noninvasive screening methods are attractive options to resolve this issue. is frequently methylated in colorectal cancer. However, the value of a stool test of methylated for the detection of colorectal cancer is unknown. Methylation status of was tested in cell lines and 398 colorectal tissue samples and further evaluated with 497 stool samples, including 196 from colorectal cancer patients, 122 from adenoma patients, and 179 from normal individuals, using real-time methylation-specific PCR. The impacts of one quantitative partial stool sampling device and 17 potentially interfering substances on the performance of fecal methylated were also analyzed. expression was also measured. methylation level was higher in 96.8% (120/124) of colorectal cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent normal epithelia. Stool test of methylated detected 81.1% (159/196) of colorectal cancer and 58.2% (71/122) of adenomas at a specificity of 93.3% (167/179). No significant difference was found between partial and whole stool collection on colorectal cancer detection ( > 0.05, = 0.80). Among 17 interfering substances, only berberine at high concentrations inhibited fecal detection of methylated was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues compared with normal epithelia. Fecal methylated is a valuable biomarker for the noninvasive detection of colorectal neoplasms. Stool DNA test of methylated would serve as an alternative method for screening colorectal neoplasms..
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