IntroductionCancer of the gallbladder is a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem. According to the literature, 30% of cases are not confirmed before surgery. Other cases are detected incidentally by histopathology. Clinical trials and meta-analyses show that incidental gallbladder cancer (iGBC) occurs in 0.19%–2.8% of patients after cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and severity of iGBC in cholecystectomy procedures performed in the surgical department at the 4th Military Teaching Hospital in Wroclaw during the years 1990–2014.Patients and methodsIn the years 1990–2014, a total of 7,314 cholecystectomies were performed in the surgical department because of cholecystolithiasis: 6,145 were performed using the laparoscopic approach (84.02%), 867 were performed as open surgery (11.8%), and 302 cases required conversion (5.1%). In this group, 5,214 of the patients were females (71.3%) and 2,100 were males (28.7%), with an average age of 54.7 years.ResultsWe found 64 iGBC cases which were confirmed by histopathology. This represented 0.87% of all cases. In this group, 50 patients were females (78.1%) and 14 were males (21.8%), with an average age of 67.1 years. Of this group, 40 patients underwent a classic cholecystectomy, while 24 underwent laparoscopic procedures, out of which 13 cases ultimately required traditional surgery. The histopathology showed 15 carcinomas that were classified as G1 (23.4%), 28 were G2 (43.75%), and 21 were G3 (32.8%).ConclusioniGBC detected after a cholecystectomy due to cholecystolithiasis is a rare disease. We found iGBC in 0.87% of cases, which is on a comparable scale to the world literature. In the case of cancer, we frequently found it necessary to convert to an open surgical procedure. This cancer is more common in females and in people over 60 years of age.

Background. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive system. The primary location of GISTs is mainly the gastrointestinal system. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific and mainly depend on the location and size of the tumor.

We describe a rare case of a patient with colonic diverticular perforation manifested only by subcutaneous emphysema of the neck, chest, and abdomen, as visualized by a computed tomography (CT) scan.The 76-year-old female patient with a history of internal diseases was urgently admitted to the Clinic of Internal Diseases due to a urinary tract infection. During the hospitalization, further diagnostic procedures were performed due to palpable subcutaneous emphysema of the neck, chest, and abdomen. Computed tomography examination revealed massive intra-abdominal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous emphysema. A decision was made to perform exploratory laparotomy; the procedure exposed an inveterate diverticular perforation of the sigmoid-rectal flexure as well as air-inflated retroperitoneal tissue. The perforated colon was resected, and a stoma was formed. On the 15th postoperative day, the patient died due to cardiorespiratory failure.Although subcutaneous emphysema is a common symptom in everyday medical practice, its etiology remains complex. One should consider this clinical presentation of colonic diverticular perforation, especially in elderly patients in whom the perforation signs may be clinically less marked.

1. Marking the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer, based on the single visualisation method with the use of radioisotope, is a useful and effective technique. 2. The factor influencing the results of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (true positive and negative results and false negative result) was the number of the excised lymph nodes except for the sentinel lymph node. 3. Patients with estrogen receptor expression had often metastases to sentinel lymph node (145 cases - 56%). 4. The false negative rate, i.e. 5.5% in our material, is within the limits of acceptability given in the literature. 5. The sentinel lymph node biopsy performed by the experienced surgical team is a reliable diagnostic tool with a low complication rate.

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