The relationship between the progression of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and the gut microbiota is poorly understood, and an HBV-ACLF-related microbiome has yet to be identified. In this study alterations in the fecal microbiome of 91 patients with HBV-ACLF (109 stool samples), including a cohort of nine patients at different stages of HBV-ACLF, were determined by high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. The operational taxonomic units and Shannon indexes indicated that the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome significantly decreased with the progression of HBV-ACLF (p <0.05). The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum in the microbiome was significantly reduced, whereas the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Veilonella, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella, was highly enriched in the HBV-ACLF group compared with the healthy control group. The abundance of Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with the level of serum alpha fetoprotein, and the abundance of Veilonella was positively correlated with serum total bilirubin (TBIL). Furthermore, the abundance of Coprococcus was significantly negatively correlated with the level of serum TBIL and the international normalized ratio and positively correlated with prothrombin time activity. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of HBV-ACLF.
This paper intends to comparatively study the stabilities of grid-connected inverters with three closely related controllers: quasi-proportional resonance (quasi-PR), proportional integral (PI), and proportional resonance (PR) under the weak grid. Firstly, considering the influence of frequency coupling characteristic, a frequency coupling admittance model of quasi-PR controlled inverter is established. Then, the admittance characteristics of the quasi-PR, PI and PR controlled inverters are compared. Admittance characteristics of the PI and PR controlled inverters are similar while the quasi-PR controlled inverter is quite different: the amplitude of the quasi-PR controlled inverter is larger than that of the PI controlled inverter and the phase difference between the two inverters is obvious in the mid-high frequency areas, which are mainly caused by the resonance bandwidth of the quasi-PR controller. Furthermore, the stabilities of the quasi-PR, PI and PR controlled inverters are analyzed. The stabilities of the PI and PR controlled inverters are similar but the quasi-PR controlled inverter is more sensitive to weak grid and high inverter output power. To achieve the same system stability, the voltage outer-loop bandwidth of the quasi-PR controlled inverter should be designed narrower than that of the PI and PR controlled inverters. Finally, experiments verify the correctness of the analyses.
It tends to cause system oscillation when the inverter with a phase-locked loop based on proportional integral controller (PI-PLL) is connected to the weak grid. To improve the oscillation suppression ability of the gridconnected inverter, a linear active disturbance rejection controller is applied to PLL (LADRC-PLL). Considering the influence of linear extended state observer, voltage outerloop, current inner-loop and frequency coupling, the admittance model of the grid-connected inverter with LADRC-PLL is established. Based on the established admittance model and the generalized Nyquist criterion, the system stabilities of the grid-connected inverters with LADRC-PLL and PI-PLL are compared. The comparison results indicate that the grid-connected inverter with LADRC-PLL has better adaptability to the weak grid and shows a certain ability to suppress the sub-and supersynchronous oscillation. Then, the influence of the control parameters of LADRC-PLL on the system stability is studied. It is found that the system keeps stable when the control parameter of LADRC-PLL is changed in a relatively wide range, which indicates LADRC-PLL has good robustness. Furthermore, the dynamic performances of the gridconnected inverters with LADRC-PLL and PI-PLL are analyzed. It is revealed that the grid-connected inverter with LADRC-PLL has better dynamic performance. Finally, the correctness of the analysis is verified by experiments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.