MicroRNA (miRNA) opens up a new field for molecular diagnosis of cancer. However, the role of circulating miRNAs in plasma/ serum in cancer diagnosis is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We measured the levels of 12 miRNAs (miR-134, 2146a, 217-3p, 2181d, 2191, 2221, 2222, 2223, 225, 229a, 2320a and 292a) in plasma samples from patients with advanced colorectal neoplasia (carcinomas and advanced adenomas) and healthy controls using real-time RT-PCR. We found that plasma miR-29a and miR-92a have significant diagnostic value for advanced neoplasia. MiR-29a yielded an AUC (the areas under the ROC curve) of 0.844 and miR-92a yielded an AUC of 0.838 in discriminating CRC from controls. More importantly, these 2 miRNAs also could discriminate advanced adenomas from controls and yielded an AUC of 0.769 for miR-29a and 0.749 for miR-92a. Combined ROC analyses using these 2 miRNAs revealed an elevated AUC of 0.883 with 83.0% sensitivity and 84.7% specificity in discriminating CRC, and AUC of 0.773 with 73.0% sensitivity and 79.7% specificity in discriminating advanced adenomas. Collectively, these data suggest that plasma miR-29a and miR-92a have strong potential as novel noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of CRC.Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide.1 The CRC incidence and mortality in China increase rapidly in the past several decades.2 Detection of early-stage cancer and precancerous lesions appears to be a key measure to reduce its mortality, and most CRC-related deaths can be preventable through early detection and removal of early-stage cancer and precancerous lesions. The advanced adenoma (a size of at least 10 mm or histologically having high grade dysplasia or significant villous components) is associated with a high risk of progression to an invasive lesion, and represents the optimal target lesion for strategies to prevent CRC.3 Thus, most CRC screening studies evaluate the detection rate of invasive CRC and advanced adenomas.3,4 Several CRC screening tests, including fecal occult-blood testing (FOBT), colonoscopy, and stool DNA test, have been available for years.4,5 However, none of these methods has been established as a wellaccepted screening tool, because of their low adherence rates, high cost or low sensitivity. An ideal screening method should have a high sensitivity and specificity for early-stage cancers and precancerous lesions; it should be also safe and affordable so that it can be broadly accepted by patients.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are $22 nucleotide noncoding RNA molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. MiRNAs have been demonstrated to play an important role in the multistep processes of carcinogenesis either by oncogenic or tumor suppressor function. Study of miRNA has been extended into many kinds of tumors, including CRC. 6,7 Those st...

There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, treatment patterns, and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually. Taking into account regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China. The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis, treatment, follow‐up, and screening of gastric cancer. Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines, this updated guideline integrates the results of major clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year, focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations. For the comprehensive treatment of non‐metastatic gastric cancer, attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment. The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated. For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer, recommendations for immunotherapy were included, and immune checkpoint inhibitors from third‐line to the first‐line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.

The long, noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is an important epigenetic regulator with a critical role in human tumors. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical application and the potential molecular mechanisms of in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression. The expression level of was determined by RT-qPCR analysis in 190 pairs of gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues (ANT). The biologic functions of were assessed by and functional experiments. RNA protein pull-down assays and LS/MS mass spectrometry analysis were performed to detect and identify the interacting protein FOXM1. Protein-RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to examine the interaction of FOXM1 and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase analyses were utilized to identify the binding site of FOXM1 on the promoter. The lncRNA was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with ANTs. High expression of predicted poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion and directly bound FOXM1 protein and increased FOXM1 posttranslationally. Moreover, is also a FOXM1-responsive lncRNA, and FOXM1 directly binds to the promoter to activate its transcription. Finally, fulfilled its oncogenic functions in a FOXM1-mediated manner. Our study suggests that promotes tumor progression by interacting with FOXM1. may be a valuable prognostic predictor for gastric cancer, and the positive feedback loop of -FOXM1 could be a therapeutic target in pharmacologic strategies..