The finite-temperature magnetism of Ni and permalloy in body-centered-cubic ͑bcc͒ and face-centered-cubic ͑fcc͒ phases is studied theoretically using ab initio supercell calculations and Green's function methods. The results confirm and explain the general experimental trend that the fcc phases have higher Curie temperatures than the bcc counterparts. In addition, the spin-wave stiffness constants of bcc-Ni and bcc-permalloy are predicted.
The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 -HSD2) cDNAs were isolated from their respective testes cDNA libraries. The cDNAs predict two peptides of 436 and 406 amino acid residues that share about 42% homology with mammalian 11 -HSD type 2 proteins. Analysis of the tissue distribution pattern by RT-PCR reveals that 11 -HSD2 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues in tilapia, with higher expression in kidney and gill of both sexes, and with the highest expression in testis. 11 -Dehydrogenase activity of the eel 11 -HSD2 was confirmed by demonstrating the conversion of cortisol to cortisone by the recombinant protein after transient expression of this cDNA clone in COS-1 cells. Bands of ∼2·7 and ∼3·8 Kb were detected in Northern blot of eel and tilapia testes respectively, which is consistent with the cloned cDNA sizes of the two species. Northern blot analysis also revealed that the expression of the eel testis 11 -HSD2 gene could be induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, implying a role of 11 -HSD2 in hCG-induced 11-ketotestosterone production and spermatogenesis in the Japanese eel.
1 found that the risk of death was not significantly higher with tranexamic acid than with placebo among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This drug has a class IA indication for bleeding prophylaxis, decreasing the use of blood products and the risk of reintervention. Doses that are less than 50 mg per kilogram of body weight are effective in preventing bleeding as well as in decreasing the inflammatory response that is associated with cardiopulmonary bypass.
2Patients with the 5G/G genotype had a greater blood-sparing benefit with the use of tranexamic acid than those with the 4G genotype of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 polymorphism.3 It will be important for future studies to take into account the pharmacogenomics of tranexamic acid in order to adjust dosing appropriately and to decrease the risk of dose-related adverse effects.
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