Sewage sludge is a waste product generated from the wastewater treatment process at the treatment plant. The amount of sewage sludge produced is increases every year as the population increased. Poor management of sewage sludge will give negative impact to the environment. Replacing cement with sewage sludge ash is more significant to reduce the amount of waste material from sewage treatment plants. In this study, the various percentage of dried sewage sludge (DSS) has been added to replace the cement. Sewage sludge was dried in the oven with 100°C for 24 hours, then sieve through the sieve size 300 µm. Then, DSS was used in the concrete instead of cement with the replacement percentage of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The compressive strength of concrete cube specimens was investigated after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete specimens increased with the replacement of cement in concrete with 5 % to 10 % DSS, but the achieved maximum strength still lower compared to the control sample. However, the compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased when the DSS replacement of cement is more than 10 % by weight. The result of XRF test also showed that DSS has good potential to replace cement in concrete.
Rice husk ash (RHA) as replacement material in the conventional concrete mixture has been widely studying around the world. However, there is a lack of study on nanoparticle produced from black rice husk ash (BRHA) used as a replacement material in porous concrete pavement mixture. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of porous concrete pavement containing nano black rice husk ash in terms of compressive strength, porosity and its correlation. A nano BRHA dosage of 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of binder was used throughout the experiments. Four different grindings of BRHA were examined, and it was found that BRHA ground had a nanoparticle between 64 nm to 85 nm. There appears to be an optimum replacement of approximately 10% nano BRHA, during which time the compressive strength and porosity increase significantly.
Rice husk ash (RHA) as replacement material in the conventional concrete mixture has widely investigated around the world. However, there is a lack of study on nanoparticle produced from black rice husk ash (BRHA) used as a replacement material in porous concrete pavement mixture. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the flexural strength properties of porous concrete pavement containing nano black rice husk ash. A nano BRHA dosage of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of binder used throughout the experiments. The total cementitious content used was 450 kg/m3 with a water/binder ratio of 0.34. It found that there appears to be an optimum replacement of approximately 10% nano BRHA, during which time the flexural strength and flexural activity index increase significantly.
Plain concrete possesses very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. Fibers glass-reinforced concrete supposed to improve the strain properties well as crack resistance, ductility, as flexural strength and toughness. This paper aims to predict the flexural behavior of fiber-glass reinforced concrete and optimize the beam design by applying woven layer in M35 grade concrete using finite element method. The several techniques were implemented to study flexural performance, woven position on bottom, middle and upper surface and several woven thickness layers employed to investigate flexural performance such as 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mm for beam size of 100 × 100 × 500 mm. It found that the flexural strength increased by positioned the woven on the bottom side and it given the improvement in designing when the layer thickness of fiber varied. It is because the fiber usually reduces the brittleness of concrete by providing post cracking ductility and increase toughness. The difference flexural strength between 50mm and 40mm thickness of fiberglass is about 1.29%.
In order to improve the porous concrete pavement strength, one of the elements in the porous concrete structure that needs to be considered is the cement paste binder. This study aimed to evaluate the strength properties of porous concrete pavement blended with nanoparticle from black rice husk ash (BRHA). The performance was evaluated based on compressive strength, density, age of curing and strength activity index. Four nano BRHA replacement levels were considered in the study, i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement. Test results showed that porous concrete pavement containing 10% nano BRHA replacement levels exhibits excellent compressive strength and strength activity index. The results also indicate that there is no significant correlation between density of the porous concrete pavement and compressive strength.
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