Objectives: Anemia during pregnancy is characterized by hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dl in pregnant women, which decreases oxygen carrying capacity of the blood to the body tissues. It is estimated that worldwide 41.8% of pregnant and 30.2% of non-pregnant women are anemic. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at our tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 500 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for the 1st time in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIMSR, Bathinda, for a period of 1 year. The hemoglobin was measured using automated cell counter method and those with hemoglobin level <11 g/dl were considered as anemic and were investigated further to be assessed according to the Indian Council of Medical Research classification. Data were collected using predesigned and pretested structured questionnaire. Results: The mean Hb concentration was 9.06 g/dl among the anemic group. Overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was found to be 408 (81.8%). Residence, educational status, monthly family income, occupation, gestational age, iron folic acid supplementation, dietary habits of not eating green leafy vegetables, meat and animal products, and drinking tea and coffee immediately after meal were the variables which had statistically significant association with the prevalence of anemia. Conclusion: Anemia control program should be executed more resourcefully in this vital segment of population. Awareness of above said factors is more important to prevent anemia rather than early diagnosis and treatment.

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by ingestion of infected meat containing larvae of Trichinella, more prevalent in developing countries. Although infection with Trichinella is globally distributed, it has been documented only rarely in India. The reports are available where Trichinella larvae were found from animals in India but, to our knowledge, only one human case has been reported from India (Punjab), so far. This is the first report of small multiple outbreaks of human trichinosis in India (2009-2011). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of trichinosis patients belonging to remote areas of Uttarakhand were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively. Patients belonged to remote areas of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 77.78% were male, and 22.22% were female. The age of patients ranged from 9-55 yrs. History of eating meat of wild boar was given by all (100%). The signs and symptoms of the patients varied even after intake of same diet, and included generalized weakness/malaise, myalgia, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, facial/periorbital edema, subconjunctival hemorrhages, retinal hemorrhages, muscle atrophy, and dyspnea. Laboratory investigations revealed eosinophilia, leukocytosis, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevation in 100%, 88.89%, 50% and 16.67%, respectively. Muscle biopsies revealed larvae in 27.78%. One patient expired while others improved. The prevalence of trichinosis is likely to be underestimated. The aim of this study is to emphasize on the magnitude of the problem, to educate people, especially in the affected areas about this health hazard and help implementation of epidemiological studies and preventive measures.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTBackground: Overexpression of Cyclin D1, a positive cell cycle regulator, may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Aim: The present study was undertaken to examine the expression profile of Cyclin D1 in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium and to evaluate the possibility of its role in the genesis of endometrial neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions. Settings and Design: A cross sectional study conducted during a 1 year period in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and Methods: We evaluated and compared the expression profile of Cyclin D1 in 50 endometrial samplings that were diagnosed as simple hyperplasia without atypia (n=12), complex hyperplasia without atypia (n=7), complex hyperplasia with atypia (n=4), endometrial carcinoma (n=7) and proliferative (n=10) and secretory (n=10) endometrium. Results: An increasing gradient of Cyclin D1 expression was noted in endometrial glands from normal endometrium to hyperplasia to carcinoma Conclusion: Cyclin D1 overexpression is an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis.

Preterm delivery is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Its etiology is multifactorial. Several studies in developed countries have reported an association between bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and preterm birth. A prospective trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nehru Hospital, attached to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, to study the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and correlation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus species, bacteroids and Mycoplasma hominis in women with idiopathic preterm labor.One-hundred twenty women were recruited. Sixty women in spontaneous preterm labor with or without rupture of membranes were included in the study group, while another 60 women in spontaneous labor at term pregnancy with or without rupture of membranes were enrolled as the control group. Pregnant women with painless or painful uterine contractions occurring at frequency of 4 in 20 min or 8 in 60 min with documented cervical changes with or without leakage per vaginum were included in the study group and their gestational age was within 28-37 weeks. The period of gestation in the control group was N37 weeks. The vaginal discharge was subjected to pH test and amine test, and swabs were sent to the laboratory for smear, staining and culture. Table 1 shows the incidence of bacterial vaginosis in both the groups. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( p b 0.001). Swab cultures for bacterial vaginosis associated organisms showed growth of G. vaginalis 0020-7292/$ -see front matter D