The antibody index has a very good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. Given the lack of consensual criteria for neuroborreliosis and the absence of a "gold standard" diagnostic test, we propose pragmatic diagnostic criteria for neuroborreliosis, namely the presence of four of the following five items: no past history of neuroborreliosis, positive CSF ELISA serology, positive anti-Borrelia antibody index, favorable outcome after specific antibiotic treatment, and no differential diagnosis. These new criteria will need to be tested in a larger, prospective cohort.

Comorbidity contributes to death in patients with SAB. The Charlson WIC is a good predictor of mortality in this population and may be a useful instrument to control comorbidity in studies aiming to investigate risk factors for death due to bacteremia.

Background The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess risk factors for bleeding in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) adults, including the determination of platelet count thresholds. Methods We selected all newly diagnosed ITP adults included in the Cytopénies Auto-immunes Registre Midi-PyrénéEN (CARMEN) register and at the French referral center for autoimmune cytopenias. The frequencies of any bleeding, mucosal bleeding and severe bleeding (gastrointestinal, intracranial, or macroscopic hematuria) at ITP onset were assessed. Platelet count thresholds were assessed by the use of receiver operating characteristic curves. All potential risk factors were included in logistic regression models. Results Among the 302 patients, the frequencies of any, mucosal and severe bleeding were 57.9%, 30.1%, and 6.6%, respectively. The best discriminant threshold of platelet count for any bleeding was 20 × 10 L . In multivariate analysis, factors associated with any bleeding were platelet count (< 10 × 10 L versus ≥ 20 × 10 L , odds ratio [OR] 48.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 20.0-116.3; between 10 × 10 L and 19 × 10 L versus ≥ 20 × 10 L , OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.3-11.6), female sex (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.0), and exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.1-20.7). A low platelet count was also the main risk factor for mucosal bleeding. Exposure to anticoagulant drugs was associated with severe bleeding (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.3-14.1). Conclusions Platelet counts of < 20 × 10 L and < 10 × 10 L were thresholds for major increased risks of any and mucosal bleeding. Platelet count, female sex and exposure to NSAIDs should be considered for assessment of the risk of any bleeding. Exposure to anticoagulant drugs was a major risk factor for severe bleeding.

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