This paper analyses the effects of emigration on emigrant countries' unemployment rates (short-term effect) in selected EU emigrant countries. The panel data analysis (fixed-effects model) covers the period from 2004 to 2015, and a total of nine EU countries: Bulgaria; Estonia; Greece; Croatia; Latvia; Lithuania; Poland; Portugal; and Romania. The obtained results show that emigration increases the unemployment rate in emigrant countries confirming that, besides generally expected positive effects in terms of a fall in unemployment, emigration could also have an adverse effect on emigrant countries' labour markets. Such results point to structural issues in the labour market caused by emigration, i.e., an increase in the labour supply and demand mismatch, which is discussed in the paper through the descriptive analysis of Job Vacancy Rate (JVR) data.
This paper aims to provide analysis on the determinants of export performance on the extensive data-set of the 27 European Union member states' total manufacturing and high tech manufacturing industry. Hence, this paper adds to the existing empirical work by specifying an export performance equation not only as a function of income and price, as is traditionally done, but also industrial production and labour cost. For that purpose, dynamic panel data models are estimated by utilising the system GMM estimator for the period from 2000 to 2011. The obtained results indicate that both industrial production and domestic demand have a positive and statistically significant impact on total and high tech manufacturing exports. On the other hand, it is proven that foreign demand also has an impact on total manufacturing exports. Thus, the paper's contribution is reflected in the acknowledgement that a stable macroeconomic environment (contained in the significance of a dummy variable for the economic crisis in both models), boosting production capacity and domestic demand, is essential for better export performance and the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in an increasingly competitive global economic climate. Finally, from the perspective of policy-making, the paper concludes that recovery in the manufacturing industry could be the much needed push from crisis to economic development.
SMEs are the most dynamic and vibrant part of the enterprise sector in terms
of start-ups and new jobs, and a significant share of the EU?s total
innovation activities take place within them. This paper uses the Community
Innovation Survey (CIS) 2014 and eCORDA data to analyse whether SME
participation in EU research and innovation (R&I) funding programmes has
increased their innovation activities and business performance. To achieve
this, we empirically test whether SMEs that received EU funds recorded an
improvement in their innovation and economic performance. This is measured
by research and development (R&D) expenditure, product innovation, turnover,
and employment. The paper focusses particularly on new EU member countries
and among them to those from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It explores
the theoretical and methodological backgrounds that guided us in these
analyses and performs treatment effect analysis at firm level, using CIS
CDROM data that we received on request from Eurostat. The obtained results
indicate that EU R&I funding is beneficial to the innovation activities of
SME recipients, and to their overall business performance. It also assists
new EU member states in the process of ?catching up? to the growth levels of
more established EU economies.
The Innovation Union flagship initiative, with its accompanying policies and actions, strives to ensure stronger involvement of SMEs in EU R&I programs.The main idea behind this paper is to review and discuss the impacts of SMEs' participation in EU R&D programs as a way of boosting their innovation activities. The paper addresses several research questions that help us to present the effects of increased availability of EU R&D funding on boosting innovation activities of SMEs across EU. We start by examining the current innovation performance of EU SMEs based on selected descriptive statistics and indicators.After that, we turn to elaborating the empirical and theoretical foundations and rationale for increased public funding through the EU R&D programs targeting SMEs. Then we discuss the impact of FP7, CIP, Eurostars, and Horizon 2020 funding on SME recipients. We briefly survey the results of available empirical studies that use both quantitative and qualitative evidence, and examine their outcomes in terms of direct and indirect impacts on innovation activities in EU member state SMEs. The examined empirical evidence points to several positive effects of participating in EU R&D programs on incentivizing innovation activities, output, and performance of recipient SMEs.
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