, and numerous seminar participants for helpful comments; and Galen Treuer, Andrew Wessbecher, and Cale Reeves for research assistance. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. At least one co-author has disclosed a financial relationship of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w20809.ack NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.
This paper examines narratives from users and designers of a recently opened public park created via brownfield remediation processes on a historically industrial urban waterfront in the Sunset Park neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. Interviews reveal that designers and community members were pivotal contributors to the transformation of a site that was previously associated with danger and toxicity into something of greater ecological and social value. Designers’ visions played a key role in subsequent user experiences in the park, but community input and struggle both sparked, and drastically altered, the park’s design trajectory in an effort to claim the park as a neighborhood asset and limit the degree to which it would contribute to displacement of existing residents. This project is unique because it is a publicly funded remediation of a municipally-owned contaminated site, yet initial project designs were geared toward on-site revenue generation to fund operations. Two broad implications of this study are (a) projects of this nature can represent a paradox of activism in that it is unclear how far community activism can go to address the systemic problems associated with environmental gentrification and (b) there is a need for studies of environmental gentrification to take a granulated approach to the positive and negative aspects associated with these spaces rather than look at them as more holistically positive or negative endeavors. The multiple scales of ambiguity and ambivalence that emerged from this study are emblematic of the dynamics associated with brownfield remediation, green space creation in historically underserved communities, and environmental gentrification.
North Carolina State University is collaborating with global partners to produce a comprehensive Internet-accessible wood anatomy reference, research, and teaching tool incorporating images, taxonomy, and anatomical information sets.With its multiple search capabilities, content types, and user options, InsideWood serves as a model for image-intensive, searchable biological collections. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONInsideWood is an extensive, Internet-accessible wood anatomy reference, research, and teaching tool. This resource integrates information from a wood anatomy database for modern wood compiled at North Carolina State University with descriptions and photomicrographs contributed by international partners. The InsideWood web site will have value in 1) helping with wood identification, 2) providing data that can be incorporated into phylogenetic studies, and 3) serving as a resource for any course that teaches about the internal structure of woody plants. The descriptive database and images are useful to a community of users that includes botanists, archaeologists, park naturalists, paleontologists, museum conservators, and forensic scientists, as well as educators in the natural sciences.The InsideWood project is the largest known wood anatomy database. Broad taxonomic coverage provides over 5,500 descriptions that represent at least 8,000 species. The objectives of the InsideWood web site are to provide an interface to search the database by coded features and serve as a repository for photomicrographs of wood structure. Currently, over 35,000 digital images are archived, with contributions from North Carolina State University and 10 other institutions. In early 2005, these images will be loaded and linked to description records.The InsideWood database was developed using Oracle. The complex data module is comprised of three major components: taxonomic information, image information, and descriptive information. Data were converted from text files and loaded into Oracle using PERL, XML, and ColdFusion. A controlled access interface allows editing of the content, including addition of new species descriptions. Image data were loaded using ColdFusion, which related the images to taxonomic and description records. A very fast web-accessible interface to the database has been developed using ColdFusion, Oracle indexes, and pre-formatted display data. Four search options in the user interface provide flexibility in retrieving wood anatomical information, with options for searches by features, scientific names, or keyword.Luna Insight can browse and search images directly, allowing image searching with or without concomitant descriptions. Images can be retrieved by family, genus, species, contributor, or any field configured as searchable from Insight. The Insight workspace is a robust tool that has the capability to "zoom-in" for viewing as well as manipulating the image for incorporation into instructional material and presentations.The InsideWood application will display the large images in the Insight workspace. The...
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