Purpose-The goal of this study is to summarize trends in rates of adverse events attributable to acetaminophen use, including hepatotoxicity and mortality.Methods-A comprehensive analysis of data from three national surveillance systems estimated rates of acetaminophen-related events identified in different settings, including calls to poison centers (2008-2012), emergency department visits (2004-2012), and inpatient hospitalizations (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). Rates of acetaminophen-related events were calculated per setting, census population, and distributed drug units. Conclusions-Acetaminophen-related adverse events continue to be a public health burden. Future studies with additional time points are necessary to confirm trends and determine whether recent risk mitigation efforts had a beneficial impact on acetaminophen-related adverse events.
Results-Rates
We report 7 definite, 13 probable and 38 possible EP cases associated with daptomycin administration. As AERS is based on voluntary reporting, the incidence of EP cannot be assessed. Healthcare providers should have heightened awareness of this serious AE associated with daptomycin use.
An uncertainty reasoning method is presented in this article. The method can be used to compute from a given set of conditional probabilities the best lower bounds and the best upper bounds of those conditional probabilities that are not explicitly provided. The computation of the best upper(1ower) bound of such a conditional probability relies on solution of a linear programming problem. Some reduction techniques are proposed in this article to improve the efficiency of our uncertainty reasoning method. As illustrated in Section 4.3, for many uncertainty reasoning problems in medical diagnosis, by using our reduction techniques, the best range of a conditional probability, which is specified by a lower bound and an upper bound, can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of basic events involved in the reasoning.
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