The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the type of urban spatial structure, population density and the selected types of capital and current municipal expenditures. Seven types of urban spatial structures at the level of city blocks are defined. Different types of municipal expenditure (urban green, pavement, roadway and public lighting) are estimated by the data from 22 Czech cities and six city districts. The capital and current municipal expenditures are calculated for each urban structure per hectare and per capita. The most expensive urban structure per hectare is the urban structure of estates and high rises, which is caused by the large proportion of public space. On the other hand, single detached houses are the least costly. If the population density is taken into account and municipal expenditures are calculated per capita, the least costly urban structure is the urban block structure followed by the organic urban structure (historical centre), which is given by high population density and lower size of public space. The urban structure of single detached houses is the most costly urban structure per capita.
This paper analyzes the automobile accessibility of Prague from the Czech territory over a 100-year period: from the creation of independent Czechoslovakia to the planned completion of an arterial network of motorways and high-speed roadways in 2020. Using publications containing information about the evolution of the road network in Czechia, we digitised historical maps and created geo-databases of the road infrastructure. We then produced accessibility models and performed accessibility analyses for four years – 1920, 1960, 2001 and 2020, using ArcGIS 9.3. These were compared and changes in accessibility were identified using cartographic tools.
Czechia has a relatively high density of the road network, although the basic network of motorways has not been completed and does not match the actual needs. Some regional centres still do not have good connection to the network of motorways or higher-quality railway network. This situation affects the key results of the analysis performed: 1. The results for main regional centres' accessibility display significant geographic differentiation. On the one hand, they highlight the hinterland, while on the other hand the results show the most distant and peripheral areas located primarily at the borders with Poland and Bavaria. There are also the so-called inner peripheries in the Czech Republic, which can be found around the borders of the NUTS 3 regions. 2. The results for job accessibility by car are strongly affected by radial expressways around the main agglomerations. Expressing accessibility as a cumulated opportunity provides a new view of some peripheral areas when some municipalities located in-between several regional capitals can benefit from the offer of job opportunities in all surrounding centres. 3. Contrary to time and cumulated accessibility, the potential accessibility results show the main concentration areas and their locations in the transport networks in the Czech Republic. There is relative separation of the two historically independent settlement areas of Czechia (Moravia vs. Bohemia).
The article deals with accessibility development in Czechia since the setting up of Czechoslovakia in 1918 till the year of planned completion of the main motorways and train corridors in 2020. One hundred years is a sufficiently long period to understand many of geographical processes related to accessibility patterns.The main goal is to digitalize transport networks for every ten years (dates of Census) and build accessibility models with average speeds, times for changing between trains and waiting times on stations, etc.The project is also focused on calculating the accessibility of Prague making isochrone maps and deals with a thematic cartography method -radial anamorphosis -as an ideal method for visualization of isochrone surfaces. The results will show the exact time period from which road transportation overtook trains in time accessibility or vice versa. Even though accessibility is investigated in relation to the capital of the Czech Republic, the methodology could be used for any other place in the country.Key words: accessibility, transport, GIS, Prag, historical development Analiza dostupnosti Praga u Republici Češkoj od 1918. do 2020.Rad se bavi razvojem prometne dostupnosti u Češkoj Republici od osnutka Čeho-slovačke do planiranog završetka glavnih cestovnih i željezničkih koridora 2020. Stotinu godina dovoljno je dugo razdoblje kako bi se moglo razumjeti geografske procese povezane s obrascima dostupnosti.Glavni je cilj rada digitalizacija prometnih mreža za svako međupopisno razdoblje (deset godina) i stvaranje modela dostupnosti s prosječnom brzinom, vremenom presjedanja, vremenom čekanja na stanicama itd.U radu se također nastoji dati precizan izračun dostupnosti Praga pomoću karata s izokronama te se primjenjuje metoda tematske kartografije -radijana anamorfoza -kao idealna metoda vizualizacije izokronih površina. Rezultati će pokazati točna razdoblja u kojima je cestovni transport brži od željezničkoga i obrnuto. Iako je istraživanje dostupnosti u ovom radu usmjereno na glavni grad Češke Republike, upotrijebljeni model može se primijeniti na bilo koje naselje u državi.
Housing has become an issue around the world, both in emerging and developed countries. The affordability of housing is decreasing globally; however, the governance system can be harnessed as a tool to help to turn the situation around, the benefit being that it is in the hands of the local or national administration. The analysis of state of the art data, together with qualitative research based on the knowledge and experiences of experts, have been used to examine the case of Prague. The aim is to prove a direct link between the approvals processes for buildings and the governance system, including the decisions made by different levels of public administration in last two decades. The hypothesis, based on early outcomes, shows a strong relationship between governance systems (including administrative divisions) and the length and complexity of the building approvals process. The results of these analyses are the main outcomes of the article, while designing changes will be the subject of subsequent research. The article should help with the debate and open up the topic, which is, in our globalized and increasingly complex world, an issue for a growing number of societies. The question of balanced, inclusive and sustainable growth will be part of the research agenda.
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