Organics
with the merit of renewability have been viewed as the
promising alternative of inorganic electrode materials in lithium-ion
batteries, but most of them display inferior performance due to the
sluggish ion/electron diffusion and the potential dissolution in aprotic
electrolytes. Here, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs-1), full of
vertical pores and layered spaces for Li+ transfer, have
been synthesized with p-dicyanobenzene as the monomer
by a facile two-step method including a prepolymerization with CF3SO3H as the catalyst and deep polymerization in
molten ZnCl2. CTFs-1-400, obtained at the deep polymerization
temperature of 400 °C, exhibits the superlithiation property
with the specific capacities of 1626 mA h g–1 at
25 °C and 1913 mA h g–1 at 45 °C at 100
mA g–1, indicating the formation of Li6C6/Li6C3N3 in the reduction
process. Electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculation
indicate that the ultrahigh capacity is mainly contributed by the
capacitance of micropores and the redox capacity of benzene and triazine
rings. Moreover, CTFs-1-400 displays the specific capacity of 740
mA h g–1 for 1000 cycles at 1 A g–1 with almost no capacity fading.
Porous imidazole polymerized ionic liquids (PILs-Im) with fast Li+ diffusion kinetics and numerous molecular pores have been used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries for the first time.
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