Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar a involução das estruturas umbilicais em bezerros sadios da raça Nelore ao longo dos primeiros 35 dias de vida, e de comparar esse processo em bezerros concebidos por métodos naturais ou por fertilização in vitro (FIV). Quarenta bezerros foram distribuídos em dois grupos (n=20) de acordo com o método de concepção (natural ou FIV) e cada grupo foi composto por dez machos e dez fêmeas. A ultrassonografia (transdutor microconvexo de 7,5 MHz) foi empregada para examinar o conjunto das estruturas remanescentes do cordão umbilical que compõem o umbigo externo e as estruturas abdominais (veia umbilical, artéria umbilical esquerda e ducto alantóide), mensurando-se os seus diâmetros em locais definidos. Os exames foram realizados entre 24 e 36 horas de vida e aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias de idade. Testaram-se os efeitos do sexo, da idade e do método de concepção por meio da análise de variâncias de medidas repetidas. O exame ultrassonográfico provou-se adequado para a avaliação das estruturas umbilicais extra e intracavitárias permitindo a caracterização do processo fisiológico de involução das mesmas. No umbigo externo, as veias umbilicais foram observadas como imagem individualizada até os 14 dias de vida e um conjunto de estruturas em processo de atrofia era visualizado após essa idade. No abdômen, a veia e a artéria umbilicais foram visualizadas até os 35 dias de idade e o ducto alantóide somente durante a primeira semana de vida. Essas estruturas apresentaram-se com parede hiperecóica regular e contínua e lúmen homogeneamente anecóico. O diâmetro de todas as estruturas umbilicais estudadas se reduziu continuamente ao longo do primeiro mês de vida (p<0,05), sem efeito do sexo (p>0,05). Comparados aos bezerros concebidos por métodos naturais, os produtos de FIV nasceram com os vasos umbilicais e o ducto alantóide um pouco mais calibrosos (diâmetros 1 a 3 mm maiores). Distintamente dos valores mais elevados estabelecidos em estudos prévios para os bezerros de raças européias, pode-se admitir, por fim, que nos bezerros recém-nascidos sadios da raça Nelore a espessura das estruturas que compõem o umbigo externo não deve ultrapassar 2 cm, o diâmetro da veia e da artéria umbilicais pode chegar a 1 cm e o do ducto alantóide é próximo a 0,5 cm.
Background: Some reports indicate that calves produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) may have excessive birth weights, increasing the rates of dystocia. Prolonged labor can cause the birth of lethargic calves that slowly ingest colostrum; this may compromise the intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins. Although the number of beef calves produced by IVF is high in Brazil, there have been few physiological studies examining the neonatal period in such cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer of immunity, and characterize the variation in serum protein concentrations, in Nelore calves up to 35 days of age, comparing naturally conceived calves with those conceived by IVF. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty healthy newborn Nelore calves were randomly selected and allocated into two groups (n = 20) according to their method of conception (natural versus IVF), and each group was composed of ten males and ten females. All calves were born and raised on the same farm, and kept with their mothers on extensive management condition. Blood samples were collected between 24 and 36 h after birth, and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Total protein (TP) concentration in serum was measured by the biuret method, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) serum activity was measured by the kinetic method. Concentrations of serum albumin, as well as alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta, and gamma globulins were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity test. The effects of sex, age, and conception method, on aforementioned serum parameters, were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Sex of calves did not affect the studied variables (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction between the age and the conception method (P > 0.05). Naturally conceived calves presented higher TP and IgG concentrations (P < 0.05), and lower concentrations of alpha 1-and alpha 2-globulins (P < 0.05), than that of those conceived by IVF. Age exerted greater influence on the serum parameters in the two groups. Serum concentrations of TP (P < 0.05), beta globulin (P < 0.05), gamma globulin (P < 0.001), IgG (P < 0.01), and globulins (P < 0.001), as well as serum activity of GGT (P < 0.0001) were high at 24 to 36 h after birth, and decreased with age. Albumin concentration, however, increased (P < 0.01) in the first weeks of life. The variation in alfa 2-globulin concentration was discrete (P < 0.05), and the serum concentration of alfa 1-globulin did not change (P > 0.05) with age. These patterns of variation related to age were observed in both groups with no apparent distinctions. Based on values obtained at 24 to 36 h after birth, it can be asserted that the passive transfer of immunity was successful in both groups, despite the differences in total protein and IgG concentrations. Discussion: The age-related variations in serum proteinogram components over the first 35 days of age may be considered physiological; and were consistent with previous studies ...
ResumoA Erliquiose é uma doença cosmopolita de grande importância na clínica médica veterinária, sendo uma importante enfermidade infecciosa, cuja prevalência tem aumentado significantemente nos últimos anos nos estados brasileiros. Devido a esse fato, o presente trabalho teve o intuito de correlacionar os achados hematológicos, sinais clínicos e PCR, sendo este último o mais sensível. No trabalho foram avaliados 20 cães com suspeita de Erliquiose que foram atendidos no setor de Moléstias Infecciosas do Hospital Veterinário da UNESP -Campus Botucatu SP, durante oito semanas. Dos animais citados, 65,00% (13/20) foram positivos em exame da PCR, nestes os achados clínicos mais evidentes foram 76,92% (10/13) anorexia, 53,84% (7/13) hepatoesplenomegalia, 46,15% (6/13) apatia e 38,46% (5/13) epistaxes. Dos treze animais positivos na PCR 92,30% (12/13) apresentaram-se trombocitopênicos (<150.000 plaquetas) e 61,53% (8/13) anêmicos (<5.50 x10 6 ). Frente ao exposto, conclui-se que a técnica de PCR foi um bom método diferencial na detecção de Erliquiose canina podendo ser adotada, juntamente com os achados clínicos e hematológicos para o diagnóstico preciso da enfermidade em questão. Palavras-chave: Ehrlichia canis, PCR, canino AbstractThe Ehrlichiosis is a worldwide diseases of great importance in a veterinary medicine is an important infectious diseases whose prevalence has increased significant in the last year in the Brazilian states. Due to the fact that this study was designed to correlate the findings hematological clinical signs and PCR, being the most sensitive. This study evaluated twenty dogs seen at veterinary hospital UNESP -Botucatu campus during the 03 from august to September 28 2009. Animal cited 65% were positive in the PCR test. Among the most prominent clinical findings 76.92% (10/13) with anorexia, 53.84% (7/13) with hepatoesplenomegaly, 46.15% (6/13) with apathy and 38.46% (5/13) epistaxis. The thirteen animals positive PCR 92.30% (12/13) showed thrombocytopenia (<150.000 platelets) e 61.53 (8/13) anemic (<5.50 x10). Thus, we conclude that the PCR was a good method for detection differential canine ehrlichiosis may be adopted together with the clinical and hematological findings for the accurate diagnosis of the disease.
ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de lesões hepáticas provocadas por larvas de estrongilídeos em eqüídeos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico no Paraná, diagnosticado durante o exame post mortem e estudo macro e microscópico destas lesões. Foram pesquisados nos meses de abril de 2003 a abril de 2004, 38.363 animais, procedentes de diversos estados do país. A ocorrência de granulomas no fígado foi observada em 14.443 (37,64%), com aderências e manchas em 6.645 (17,32%), e sem lesões macroscópicas em 17.275 (45.03%). Macroscopicamente, foram verificados fígados com nódulos calcificados, presença de manchas esbranquiçadas, aderências e em forma de "linhas" sob a cápsula hepática. Não foram encontradas as larvas nos fígados. Histologicamente, os fragmentos hepáticos revelaram na microscopia óptica, células inflamatórias com o predomínio de eosinófilos ao redor dos granulomas, com moderada quantidade de macrófagos e presença de fibroblastos. Palavras-chave: Eqüídeos, Strongylus spp, lesões hepáticas, fígado AbstractThe objective of this study was to determinate the occurrence of hepatic lesions caused by migratory large Strongyle larvaes in horses slaughtered in city of Apucarana in state of Paraná. The lesions were diagnostic in post mortem exam by macro and microscopic analysis. From April 2003 to April 2004, 38,363 animals, coming from different regions of Brazil, were examined. The occurrence of granulomas in liver was observed in 14,443 (37.64%), with adhesions and spot in 6,645 (17,32%), and 17,275 (45.03%) without macroscopic lesions. Macroscopic analysis revealed the presence of livers with calcified nodules, the presence of whitish spots, and adhesions in the format of "lines" over the hepatic capsule. No larvae were found in the livers. Hepatic fragments were histologically processed and revealed, by optical microscopy, inflammatory cells with predominance of eosinophils around the granulomas with a moderate amount of macrophages and the presence of fibroblasts.
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