Research has offered many advances in the dentistry field and variable types of dental composites have been widely validated to be effectively used with many favorable outcomes. Among the differently reported composites, hybrid ones are the most commonly reported and used in clinical settings. However, the characteristics of these composites vary hugely based on the materials and the environmental factors that they might be potentially exposed to. In this literature review study, we have discussed the types and characteristics of the dental composites, elaborating the effect of different environmental factors on the degradation of the different composite materials. Our results indicate that dental composites are hugely affected by environmental factors as temperature, moisture, chemical reactions and impact blunt. Furthermore, enhancing the quality of the materials by using more flexible approaches might enhance their quality in achieving better outcomes. Moreover, research should be directed within this area to improve the functions of the dental composites and improve the quality of life for the corresponding patients. Composites based on nanotechnology seem promising. However, these are not adequately investigated, and further research is encouraged for adequate validation.

Iatrogenic damage in restorative teeth preparation and management constitute a significant issue that dentists and surgeons might face during and after restoration procedures. Many presentations can be observed for the injured enamel following iatrogenic damage as the presence of fine scratches, 1 mm wide vertical grooves, extensive damage and indentations. Following the occurrence of such complications, subsequent changes to the properties of the affected areas can significantly increase the risk of developing dental caries. It is essential to shedding more light on such phenomena to increase awareness among dentists and physicians and to enhance the potential outcomes. Accordingly, in this literature review, the aim was to discuss the iatrogenic damage in restorative teeth preparation and management as per evidence from the current studies in the literature. At first, the discussion was around the different types of iatrogenic injuries based on the affected regions and the incidence of adjacent teeth injury during restoration was high. Moreover, it had been discussed the potential mechanisms and contributing factors that might flare up the injury and increase the risk of significant damage induction. Hypersensitivity and using rough materials are two common factors that may induce inflammation and induce damage. Further investigations might be needed for the implication of safe practices for surgeons and dentists to enhance the outcomes.

Hydrogen peroxide is the main ingredient in bleaching products (BP), and based on the settings of the reaction, can produce (per-)hydroxyl anions, superoxide anions, and other radicals. The radical-related oxidative mechanism can trigger the breakage of molecular bonds in enameller and dentinal stains, while the exact process is not entirely grasped. Products as a consequence look less colorful. The amount of the active bleaching component, the likelihood of BP interaction with discolorations, and the contact duration all affect the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. Effectiveness also depends on a number of variables, including the individual's age, the type of staining, and the number of bleaching treatments. A significant number of local adverse effects have been recorded with over-the-counter items due to poorly fitted tray, adjuvants such as binders, preservatives, and flavors as well as a low pH, coexisting gingivitis, abrasion, and erosion. In cases of the coupled utilization of tobacco and excessive alcohol intake because tobacco users demonstrate lower levels of hypersensitivity to the BP and may be heavily influenced by the positive cosmetic effects, they must particularly be counseled against getting bleaching done as the combination has been found to pose elevated oral carcinoma risk. Overall, current literature has found a positive relation between procedure efficacy and patient satisfaction.

The main factor that can determine the harmonization and depth of color restorations for the adjacent other restorations or other teeth is the translucency of these restorations. Many factors can affect the translucency and color of the restoration material, including translucency parameter, lighting conditions, opacity, gloss, light scattering, and overall perception by the naked eye. Previous investigations have indicated that translucency is the main factor that can significantly contribute to the esthetic characteristics of the different dental restoration materials. In the present literature review, we have discussed the translucency of human teeth and its relation to esthetic restorative materials. Comparing the translucency of the different restoration materials with the naturally occurring human enamel is essential for adequate validation of their clinical application. It has been demonstrated that for 1 mm thick human enamel, a mean value for the translucency parameter of 15-19 should be considered. We have also highlighted the differences between the different types of resin composites and different shade groups, and findings indicate the superiority of some types and shade groups over others, as previously discussed. However, it should be noted that further research is still needed to unify the variously estimated values for the translucency parameter among the different restoration materials. This can help clinicians adequately interpret these data and obtain satisfactory clinical and patient-related outcomes.

The main aim of introducing biomimetic materials is to achieve successful remineralization using biocompatible and optimally functioning materials that can be used to manage diseased and defective tissues in a minimally invasive process. Recently, evidence shows that many biomimetics was introduced with excellent advantages and favorable outcomes in the different fields of dentistry. A wide acceptance of biomimetics was reported in the field of dentistry as the modalities were efficaciously applied in the different endodontic and restorative procedures. In the present literature review, we have discussed the biomimetic mechanical characteristics of the different restoration materials that are currently used in the field of restorative dentistry. The current evidence supports the use and applications for biomimetics in the field of restorative dentistry based on the extensively reported evidence regarding the mechanical and functional characteristics of these modalities which mimic the functions of normal teeth. Accordingly, these modalities can be used to solve the underlying clinical challenges that are routinely faced in the settings of restoration. Furthermore, different materials were introduced and evaluated for their efficacies, and the clinical decision of these materials is based on many factors and should be taken based on dentist-and-patient interaction.