Introduction: Total joint arthroplasty represents the largest expense for a single condition among Medicare beneficiaries. Payment models exist, such as bundled payments, where physicians and hospitals are reimbursed based on providing cost-efficient, high-quality care. There is a need to explicitly define "quality" relevant to hip and knee arthroplasty. Based on prior quality measure research, we hypothesized that less than 20% of developed quality measures are outcome measures. Methods: This study systematically reviewed current and candidate quality measures relevant to total hip and knee arthroplasty using several quality measure databases and an Internet library search. Results: We found a total of 35 quality measures and 81 candidate measures, most of which were process measures (N = 21, 60%), and represented the National Quality Strategy priorities of patient-and caregiver-centered experience and outcomes (31%), effective clinical care (28%), or patient safety (19%). Conclusion: Various stakeholders have developed quality measures in total joint arthroplasty, with increasing focus on developing outcome measures. The results of this review inform orthopaedic surgeons on quality measures that payers could use value-based payment models like the Merit-based Incentive Payment System and Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement. Level of Evidence: Level I, systematic review of level I evidenceT otal joint arthroplasty is a common orthopaedic procedure performed in the elective setting, making expenditures on arthritis the largest for a single condition among Medicare beneficiaries. 1 In 2014, more than 400,000 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) or total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were performed, with the average Medicare expenditure for surgery, hospitalization, and recovery ranging from $16,500 to $33,000 across different geographic areas. [2][3][4] Despite decreasing length of hospital stays and improved outcomes, 5,6 the total expense of these procedures will continue to rise with an increase in surgical volume. [7][8][9] Given the notable cost of total joint arthroplasty to the United States health system, these procedures are becoming increasingly regulated through payment models that reimburse based on providing high-quality care. 10 For example, in 2015, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) organized a pilot program for the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement. This bundled payment program for THA and TKA reimburses hospitals and surgeons based on their ability to provide high-quality, cost-efficient services. 2 In value-based models, payers hold participant hospitals and surgeons financially accountable for an episode