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Comparative analyses of interspecific differences in response to climate change can provide important insights into the factors initiating seasonal onset of reproduction in various species and subsequent fitness consequences. We present a comparative analysis based on a 30-year breeding survey of two related migratory songbird species [Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus (RW) and Great Reed Warbler A. arundinaceus (GRW)], which coexist in reedbeds by means of various interspecific interactions. The RW advanced breeding by 15 days and shortened its breeding time window, which is a combined effect of higher temperatures, alleviated competition as a consequence of population declines in the dominant GRW, and reduced RW population. Although the breeding period of GRW changed only slightly, its clutch initiation was likewise related to temperature. Most probably, advanced breeding in RW is favoured by changes in food supply and accelerated reed growth, which provides the necessary nest concealment earlier, whereas this does not affect the GRW, a species less vulnerable to nest predation. Clutch size decreased later in the season, so that earlier breeding produced a net increase in both species. An additional increase of clutch size in GRW can be explained by the use of higher-quality territories in today's smaller population. The main causes of nest losses were predation in RW and adverse weather in GRW, but reproductive success increased over the study period in both species, which was a consequence of larger clutches in RW, but of favourable weather during rearing and fewer total losses in GRW. Our results document that different causal mechanisms are involved in the reproductive changes of the two congeneric species living in the same habitat: RW breeding earlier by making use of competitive release and other ecological improvements, and GRW by benefiting from better rearing conditions. As species respond differentially to climate change depending on ecosystem and biotic interactions, predictions of population dynamics will remain vague until the specific response mechanisms have been elucidated.

Purpose This study aims to apply the modified Walker-Unger model to show the degree of attractiveness of a country for Mexican-based money launderers to send their illicit funds for the 2000–2015 time period. Design/methodology/approach The modified Walker-Unger model is used to conduct the analysis, as it combines several independent variables related to an illicit financial activity. These allow the researcher to investigate the attractiveness of a market to money launderers and the possible economic effects of money laundering. In total, 13 categories of indicators were used, namely, gross national product per capita; banking secrecy; government attitude; society for worldwide interbank financial telecommunication membership; financial deposits; conflict; corruption; Egmont group membership; language; trade; culture, colonial background; and physical distance. Findings Model results suggest the preferred destinations for Mexican-based money launderers from 2000 to 2015 were Bermuda (i.e. from 2000–2004), Canada (i.e. in 2005 and 2006) and Monaco (i.e. from 2007–2015). Research limitations/implications Timing and availability of reliable data after 2015. Practical implications Aids in continuing to empirically validate the Walker-Unger model. There is little literature on models that quantify money laundering activity. Social implications May aid policymakers in targeting anti-money laundering policy to more relevant countries. Originality/value The first empirical investigation that looks to quantify money launderer activity in Mexico. Contributes to the limited literature of quantitative investigations on money laundering.

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