Active colloidal catalysts inspired by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were synthesized by integration of catalytically active selenium (Se) moieties into aqueous microgels.A diselenide crosslinker (Se X-linker) was successfully synthesized and incorporated into microgels through precipitation polymerization, along with the conventional crosslinker N,N'methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS). Diselenide bonds within the microgels were cleaved through oxidation by H 2 O 2 and converted to seleninic acid whilst maintaining the intact microgel microstructure.T hrough this approach catalytically active microgels with variable amounts of seleninic acid were synthesized.R emarkably,t he microgels exhibited higher catalytic activity and selectivity at lowr eaction temperatures than the molecular Se catalyst in amodel oxidation reaction of acrolein to acrylic acid and methyl acrylate.
Using a simple π-conjugated trimer, EDOT-phenylene-EDOT (where EDOT = 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), we evaluate the effect that fluorine substituents have upon changes in conformation, conjugation and oxidation potentials in π-conjugated structures. These variations are assessed as a function of the fluorine atom's propensity to feature in hydrogen and/or halogen bonding with other heteroatoms. The molecular motif was chosen because the EDOT unit presents the possibility of competing O•••X or S•••X non-covalent contacts (where X = H or F). Such non-bonding interactions are acknowledged to be highly influential in dictating molecular and polymer morphology and inducing changes in certain physical properties. We studied four compounds, beginning with an unsubstituted bridging phenylene ring and then adding one, two, or four fluorine units to the parent molecule. Our studies involve single crystal XRD studies, cyclic voltammetry, absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to identify the dominant non-covalent interactions and elucidate their effects on the molecules described. Experimental studies have also been carried out on the corresponding electrochemically synthesized polymers to confirm that these non-covalent interactions and their effects persist in polymers. Our findings show that hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding feature in these molecules and their corresponding polymers.
The mathematical model has been developed to calculate the content of higher alcohols and esters depending on wort initial concentration and fermentation temperature. The process was optimized in accordance with the developed model. To obtain high-quality beer via high-gravity brewing technology the wort concentration was found to be 14-15 % relative to dry matter and main fermentation temperature of 284–285 K.
In the context of controlled delivery and release, proteins constitute a delicate class of cargo requiring advanced delivery platforms and protection. We here show that mechanoresponsive diselenide-crosslinked microgels undergo controlled...
Abstract. 1 The effect of main fermentation temperature on a young beer taste has been studied within the range of 282-292 K for high-density wort with the concentration of 14-18 % dry matter. The taste is provided by the content of aromatics -by-products of fermentation: acetaldehyde, vicinal diketones, n-propanol, n-butanol, ibutanol, 2-methyl-butanol, 3-methyl butanol, ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate.
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