Background-Apoptosis is an important cause of early graft loss after heart transplantation. Bcl-xL was reported to protect the heart against normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study, we determined whether overexpression of Bcl-xL could inhibit tissue injury resulting from prolonged cold preservation followed by warm reperfusion of heart transplants. Methods and Results-Lewis rat hearts were transduced with an adenovirus vector harboring Bcl-xL cDNA (AxCAhBclxL) 4 days before collection of tissue. After preservation in University of Wisconsin solution at 4°C for 24 hours, the heart was either perfused with a Langendorff device ex vivo or used for heterotopic heart transplantation in vivo. Bcl-xL gene transfer significantly reduced the infarct size (23.0Ϯ2.6% versus 47.7Ϯ7.0% in saline control and 48.6Ϯ6.1% in vector control, PϽ0.01) after 2-hour reperfusion at 37°C with the Langendorff device and significantly decreased creatine kinase release (0.82Ϯ0.27 IU, versus 1.57Ϯ0.33 and 1.50Ϯ0.37 IU in saline and vector controls, respectively; PϽ0.05). In heart transplantation, overexpresson of Bcl-xL inhibited Bax translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria, resulting in decreased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria; it also significantly decreased cardiac cell apoptosis and improved graft survival rate after long cold preservation, followed by warm reperfusion. Conclusions-Bcl-xL

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ObjectivesNonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a rare but life-threatening complication after cardiovascular surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for a chance to cure. The aim of this study is to identify the independent risk factors for NOMI based on the evaluation of 12 cases of NOMI after cardiovascular surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 12 patients with NOMI and 674 other patients without NOMI who underwent cardiovascular surgery in our hospital. We reviewed the clinical data on NOMI patients, including their characteristics and the clinical course. In addition, we performed a statistical comparison of each factor from both NOMI and non-NOMI groups to identify the independent risk factors for NOMI.ResultsThe median duration between the cardiac surgery and the diagnosis of NOMI was 14.0 (10.3–20.3) days. The in-hospital mortality of NOMI patients was 75.0%. Age (p < 0.05), peripheral arterial disease (p < 0.001), postoperative hemodialysis (p < 0.001), intraaortic balloon pump (p < 0.05), norepinephrine (NOE) > 0.10γ (p < 0.0001), percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (p < 0.001), sepsis (p < 0.05), loss of sinus rhythm (p < 0.05), prolonged ventilation (p < 0.0001), and resternotomy for bleeding (p < 0.05) showed significant differences between NOMI and non-NOMI groups. In the multivariate logistic regression model, prolonged ventilation [odds ratio (OR) = 18.1, p < 0.001] and NOE > 0.10 μg/kg/min (OR = 130.0, p < 0.0001) were detected as independent risk factors for NOMI.ConclusionsWe have identified the risk factors for NOMI based on the evaluation of the 12 cases of NOMI after cardiovascular surgery. This result may be useful in predicting NOMI, which is considered difficult in clinical practice. For the patient with suspected of NOMI who has these risk factors, early CT scan and surgical exploration should be performed without delay.

Vascular involvement is rare in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). It is often missed because it is usually asymptomatic. We report a case of a 42 years old male with neurofibromatosis type 1 who presented with left back discomfort. CT angiography revealed a massive 42 mm aneurysm of left 11th intercostal artery. After a discussion between radiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons, endovascular coil embolization was chosen to treat this patient. Percutaneous aneurysm embolization was successfully performed. However, the procedure was complicated by Stanford type B acute aortic dissection. Stanford type B acute aortic dissection was medically managed and patient remained well after discharge. Fragile vascular nature was thought to be one of the causes of this unreported complication.

BackgroundHemoptysis is a common complication in all kinds of surgery. However, it is rarely critical because it resolves with or without intervention.Case presentationHere the authors present what is believed to be an unprecedented report of a case involving a fatal idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage complication during cardiac surgery. Eighty-five-year-old female with severe aorticvalve stenosis had elective aortic valve replacement. Subsequently, she developed diffuse bilateral severe idiopathic bronchial hemorrhage which required maximum intervention such as external bronchial ligation, V-A ECMO, coil embolization of bronchial artery and internal airway blockage by spigot.ConclusionsAirway bleeding is not a rare complication in cardiac surgery, but this case should increase awareness of this potentially life threatening perioperative complication.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13019-016-0477-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.