Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L. 1758) are an essential element of the Russian Far North, providing a significant source of nutrition for the representatives of 18 ethnicities. The species has wild and domestic forms, which are in constant interaction. The aim of our study was to characterize the genetic structure of domestic and wild reindeer populations, using a genome-wide bovine genotyping array (BovineHD BeadChip). The wild reindeer samples were obtained from the western Taymyr Peninsula population and from the taiga and tundra populations in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The domestic populations included the Evenk, Even, and Chukotka-Khargin breeds of Yakutia and the Nenets breed from the Nenets Autonomous district and Murmansk region. The level of genetic diversity was higher for the wild population. Analyzing Neighbor-Net tree, multidimensional scaling, and Structure results, we observed strong genetic population structure and clear differentiation between domestic and wild populations. All regional populations of domestic reindeer were clearly separated, while wild reindeer showed similar genetic backgrounds. Nevertheless, we found contrasting patterns in the genetic structure of the tundra and taiga reindeer, in accordance with their morphological and ecological differences. Thus, our study revealed a clear genetic differentiation between domestic and wild reindeer populations. It provides novel insights into the genetic diversity and structure of reindeer populations, to support resource utilization and aid in the development of genetic improvement strategies and conservation programs for this species.
A b s t r a c tReindeer (Rangifer tarandus), the only member of the genus Rangifer, is one of the most interesting object to investigate genetic diversity. One of the technique of studying the genetic structure of populations and parentage identification is to create panels of STR (short tandem repeats) markers. The aim of the current study was the development of multiplex panel of STR markers and assessment of its application to assign the parents and to study biodiversity of Russian reindeer populations. As a biological material for research we used tissue samples (part of ear's lobes) of reindeer of Even (EVN, n = 44), Evenk (EVK, n = 44), Nenets (n = 45) breeds and Tyva population (TUV, n = 35). DNA extraction was performed using Nexttec columns (Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Polymorphism of nine STR markers (NVHRT76, RT9, NVHRT24, RT30, RT1, RT6, RT27, NVHRT21 and RT7) was determined by own procedures using ABI 3130xl DNA analyzer («Applied Biosystems», USA). Statistical analysis was performed in MS Excel 2007 with the plugin GenAIEx v. 6.5, software MSA 4.05, PHYLIP, v. 3.5c, Treev32 and Structure, v. 2.3.4. The studied populations of reindeer were characterized by relatively high levels of genetic diversity. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.11±0.56 in TUV, 6.67±0.50 in NEN, 8.00±0.76 in EVN and 8.89±0.65 in EVK. The smallest effective number of alleles per locus was detected in TUV (3.37±0.47), the maximal value was in EVK (4.89±0.46 alleles per locus), and EVN and NEN occupied an intermediate position (4.42±0.53 and 3.90±0.38, respectively). The number of alleles in single loci ranged from four in NVHRT21 and NVHRT24 for TUV to twelve in RT7 for EVK and RT1 for EVN. The probability of matching genotypes (PI) for the nine loci ranged from 1.84½10 -9 in NEN to 5.9½10 -11 in EVK, showing the high power of the proposed marker panel for parentage identification. The calculation of the mean values of similarity coefficient Q in the i th cluster with the most probable number of clusters such as k = 3 and k = 4 (Q i/k ) revealed high heterogeneity of genetic structure of studied populations. The highest degree of genetic differentiation was shown for TUV (Q 2/3 = 0.899±0.034, Q 3/4 = 0.883±0.035) and for NEN (Q 3/3 = 0.885±0.031, Q 4/4 = 0.813±0.038). The EVN and EVK population were close to each other, and a clear clustering between them was not observed. An estimation of R st (AMOVA) showed that 11.4 % of the total molecular variability was caused by differences between populations, and 88.6 % was due to individual differences between animals (p < 0.01). Evaluation of degree of genetic differentiation of studied populations, using as criteria the values of Nei' genetic distances and pairwise comparisons of F st showed similar trends. TUV population was the most distinct comparing to other populations (D Nei = 0,283-0,502, F st = 0,299-0,452), while it was the most differ from NEN and the closest to EVN. The minimal genetic differences were observed between EVN and EVK (D N...
A b s t r a c tThe coexistance of domestic and wild reindeer populations (Rangifer tarandus L., 1758) -is an important feature of this species. Both forms inhabit in conditions, which remain substantially unchanged for a long time. Due to gene flow between domestic and wild populations we observe a relatively high amount of admixture in the gene pool. Biodiversity characteristics of two most numerous reindeer populations (semi-domesticated Nenets breed and wild population of reindeer inhabiting territories of Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and Taimyr Autonomous Okrug (TAO) based on the analysis of microsatellites are given and the degree of introgression in these populations is determined. Samples of Nenets breed of domestic rein deer were collected in several farms in NAO and TAO (n = 115, four subpopulations). Samples of wild Taimyr population were collected in the course of field research in different geographic regions of TAO (n = 63, five subpopulations). Genomic DNA was isolated using Nexttec columns («Nexttec Biotechnologie GmbH», Germany). Polymorphism of 9 STR-loci (NVHRT21, NVHRT24, NVHRT76, RT1, RT6, RT7, RT9, RT27, RT30) was determined according to the previously developed technique for DNA analyzer ABI3130xl («Applied Biosystems», US). To estimate the allele pool of each population average number of alleles (Na), the effective number of alleles (Ne) based on the locus, rarified allelic richness (Ar), private allelic richness (PrAr), observed (H o ) and expected (H e ) heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficient (F IS ) were calculated. The degree of genetic differentiation of populations was assessed using pairwise F ST values and Nei's genetic distances. We calculated the degree of migration of genes between populations based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Distribution of genetic variation between and within populations was studied by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). It was found that the wild population of reindeer is characterized by a higher level of genetic diversity: the average number of alleles per locus was 10.00±0.78 vs. 8.44±0.80, the observed heterozygosity -0.633±0.060 vs. 0.589±0.049. STRUCTURE analysis revealed the formation of two independent clusters corresponding to the wild and domestic populations with high values of the membership coefficient in own clusters: Q WLD = 0.940±0.013 and Q DOM = 0.938±0.010. However, a few individuals (4.4-4.8 %) carrying a mixed genetic origin were found. The degree of introgression between the populations was around 6 %. Cluster analysis of genetic structure performed separately for wild and domestic populations at the level of subpopulations for the number of cluster k ranged from 2 to 5 did not reveal a clear clustering between subpopulation. It's confirmed the homogeneity of genetic structure within populations. Examination of overall genetic diversity with AMOVA procedure indicated that most of the variation was observed within populations (95.4 %, p < 0.001). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed clear differentiation of the s...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.