Over one million American grandmothers raise grandchildren, and many experience stress that may be alleviated by biofeedback. This pilot trial of 20 grandmothers used a pretest-posttest design with repeated measures to test the effects of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on perceived stress, negative emotions, and depressive cognitions. Significant decreases in stress, negative emotions, and depressive cognitions were found. Biofeedback is thus potentially effective for reducing stress and depressive thoughts and feelings in grandmothers raising grandchildren, and the intervention warrants further testing.
8.7 AE 5.3) were significantly improved (p<0.05). After training, only 18.8% of patients required digitations during bowel opening. The Bristol Stool Score was significantly improved with 40% of type 3, 26.7% of type 4 and 20% of type 5 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study provides preliminary data that biofeedback training in managing patients may be effective in improving the clinical outcomes with functional constipation patients. Interpretation of the results requires caution due to the lack of a control group.
8.7 AE 5.3) were significantly improved (p<0.05). After training, only 18.8% of patients required digitations during bowel opening. The Bristol Stool Score was significantly improved with 40% of type 3, 26.7% of type 4 and 20% of type 5 (p<0.05).
Conclusion:The study provides preliminary data that biofeedback training in managing patients may be effective in improving the clinical outcomes with functional constipation patients. Interpretation of the results requires caution due to the lack of a control group.Background and Purpose: Electronic game (EG) playing has become very popular among youngsters, and nowadays, many different game devices are played by school children. Use of these game devices (such as smallscreen handheld and active) may affect the postures and muscular loading,
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