Objective: To evaluate if there is any interference when adding coffee or chocolate to cow milk in the enamel des-remineralization process (orange juice/saliva). Material and Methods: 48 specimens of human enamel (4x4 mm) were included in acrylic resin, ground flat, polished and randomly divided into the following experimental groups (n = 8): G1-saliva, G2-orange juice, G3 orange juice / milk; G4-Orange Juice / Chocolate, G5-Orange Juice / Coffee + milk and G6-milk. Each group was immersed for 60 seconds on each solution proposed and then immersed for 30 minutes in saliva. This cycle was repeated 4 times. Prior to these cycles, the Knoop microhardness average of each specimen was obtained. After the challenges proposed, the final microhardness average was calculated. The values obtained from the difference between the initial and final microhardness were subjected to ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p <0,05). Results: The orange juice had the highest change in microhardness and statistically different from all other groups. The microhardness change was statistically similar in the groups submitted to orange juice followed by immersion in milk, in chocolate and in the mixture milk + coffee. The pure milk and saliva caused no change in surface hardness of enamel. Conclusion: Milk or the addition of chocolate and coffee to milk was able to produce a protective effect of the enamel surface against an erosive challenge.
This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of novel experimental hybrid coatings (HC) to reduce dentin permeability and to verify their resistance to erosive and abrasive challenges. Dentin disc specimens (1 mm thick) were treated with 0.5 M EDTA solution and randomly allocated into three experimental groups (n = 10): Control (Saliva); Concentrated Hybrid Coating (TEOS/GPTMS/Y‐APS); and Diluted Hybrid Coating (1:3 ratio with distilled water). Dentin permeability was assessed by hydraulic conductance in the following experimental time periods: post‐EDTA, post treatment, post erosion (5 min in 0.05 M citric acid solution, pH = 3.8), and post abrasion (toothbrushing for 3,900 cycles). Dentin permeability percent was calculated with respect the values of post‐EDTA for each experimental time. The morphology of the surface of extra dentin specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the same time periods (n = 3). Permeability data were analyzed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < .05). Both HC presented significantly lower dentin permeability than control post treatment and post erosion (p < .05), without difference between them (p > .05). Post abrasion, there were no significant difference among groups (p > .05). Post treatment and post erosion, the HC seemed to flow into the tubules, occluding them, while the tubules in control remained opened. Post abrasion, the tubules appear to be occluded in all groups. In conclusion, the experimental hybrid coatings were capable of reducing dentin permeability after treatment. They were also able to resist to erosive and abrasive challenges, with the advantage of forming thinner and colorless films that can be potentially used to treat dentin hypersensitivity.
The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, quantitatively and qualitatively, the stability of an experimental hybrid with two different concentrations (concentrated and diluted) applied at a simulation of a sensitive dentin. Human molar teeth were selected and their crowns were sectioned below the occlusal groove in order to obtain specimens of dentine disks that were ground flat and polished to achieve a thickness of 1.0 millimeter. The specimens were divided into 4 groups (n = 9) in accordance with proposed surface treatments: Artificial saliva (SAL) dentinal selfetching adhesive (AD), concentrated experimental hybrid (TC) and experimental hybrid diluted in the ratio 1: 3 (TD). Two methods were used to assess the stability: hydraulic conductance (dentin permeability) and scanning electron microscopy. The dentin permeability in 6 experimental times was carried out: Minimum (no treatment), Maximum (with open tubules), treatment (after application of their treatments), erosion (after 5 minutes of immersion in citric acid 0.05M pH 3, 8), brushing (brushing after 3900 cycles) and Post erosion (erosion was repeated after brushing). The scanning electron microscopy was performed on dentin specimens with a central area of application of treatments and natural tissues on the sides to show the film characteristics applied. Readings were made after application of treatments, after erosion, after brushing and after erosion after brushing, for all 4 treatments proposed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with two variation factors was applied with the multiple comparisons paired test (Tukey). For dentin all treatments reduced hydraulic conductance (Lp) in relation to Maximum. TC and TD showed the lowest values (24% and 15%) respectively. The TD continued to show statistically similar values after erosion (36%), being statistically similar to TC (55%). In brushing time the TD Lp was statistically similar to Treatment and erosion times. All groups were statistically similar between treatments in brushing and Post Erosion times. The analysis of SEM shows dentinal tubules with content inside on the TC and TD groups, remaining during all experimental period. AD presented a clear film, which began to stand out and show failure from erosion time. It follows that the TD had better behavior being able to decrease permeability of dentin by forming a thin film transparent, imperceptible, capable of sealing (fully or partially) and penetrate within the dentine tubules, resisting the erosive and abrasive challenges.
Low compliance and difficulties in flossing among children and adolescents seemed to be more related to lack of motivation, although problems concerning manual skills were also observed.
HMP was the only agent that could match the protection against initial erosion of the commercially available mouthrinse in both analyses.
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