Butea monosperma is one of the extensively used plants in traditional system of medicines for many therapeutic purposes. in this study, the antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition properties of freeze drying assisted ultrasonicated leaf extracts (hydro-ethanolic) of B. monosperma have been investigated. The findings revealed that 60% ethanolic fraction exhibited high phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, highest antioxidant activity, and promising α-glucosidase and αamylase inhibitions. the UHpLc-Qtof-MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of notable metabolites of significant medicinal potential including apigenin, apigenin C-hexoside C-pentoside, apigenin Chexoside C-hexoside, apigenin-6,8-di-C-pentoside and genistin etc., in B. monosperma leave extract. Docking studies were carried out to determine the possible role of each phytochemical present in leaf extract. Binding affinity data and interaction pattern of all the possible phytochemicals in leaf extract of B. monosperma revealed that they can inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase synergistically to prevent hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus [DM] is most rapidly growing metabolic disorder in the world. It is primarily characterized by hyperglycemia which is associated with disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Such metabolic dysfunctions at physiological level are known to cause detrimental health disorders which lead towards sickness and eventually death 1. According to WHO (World Health Organization), it is estimated that this chronic disease has affected nearly 150 million people throughout the world. This number will increase to three hundred million people or more up to 2025 2. The DM type II (DMT-II) is the most abundant form of diabetes and generally involves the phenomenon of insulin insensitivity or low insulin production. The main reasons behind the spread of this global health problem are mainly modern life style, obesity and consumption of high caloric diet. The growing rate of DM in Asian and African countries is two to three times more than the present rate in other countries 3. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is very crucial in DMT-II pathogenesis. The ROS are produced because of electron transfer to oxygen from mitochondrial metabolic activity. The ROS are captured by antioxidants to maintain the redox homeostasis. However, over production or long-time exposure to ROS may create imbalance which further leads to state of oxidative stress. The oxidative stress exerts harmful impacts on bio-molecules to create metabolic dysfunction. The ROS under umbrella of oxidative stress disturbs the structure based activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce the antioxidant potential of body 4. The ROS are also involved in impaired insulin secretion from pancreas probably due to dysfunction in β-cells 5. The elevated blood glucose level alters the normal functions of proteins through the process of glycation. The role of glycated end products is obvious in health deterioration and their long term existence...
Background Diabetes mellitus type II (DMT-2) is a widely spread metabolic disorder both in developed and developing countries. The role of oxidative stress is well established in DMT-2 pathogenesis. The synthetic drugs for DMT-2 are associated with serious side complications. Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory actions of phytochemicals from various plant species are considered as an alternative to synthetic drugs for DMT-2 management. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and phytochemical profiling of Hyophorbe lagenicaulis. Methods The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant activity (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum method) and α-glucosidase inhibition of ultrasonicated hydroethanolic H. lagenicaulis leaf extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The results of DPPH assay and α-glucosidase inhibition were reported in terms of IC50 value. The phytochemical profiling was accomplished by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS technique. Results and Discussion Findings leaped 60% ethanolic extract as rich fraction regarding total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The 60% ethanolic fraction was a promising source of natural antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitory agents as indicated by anti-radical and enzyme inibitory activities. Kaempferol, rutin, hesperetin 5-O-glucoside, kaempferol-coumaroyl-glucoside, luteolin 3-glucoside, Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, trimethoxyflavone derivatives and citric acid were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. These compounds were believed to be responsible for the strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of plant extracts. The extensive metabolite profiling of H. lagenicaulis was carried out the first time as never reported previously. The H. lagenicaulis might be an appropriate choice to manage diabetes mellitus in an alternate way. The findings may be further exploited extensively for toxicity evaluation to proceed with functional food development having antidiabetic attributes.
Extensive pesticides use is negatively disturbing the environment and humans. Pesticide bioremediation with eco-friendly techniques bears prime importance. This study evaluates the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos in soil using indigenous Bacillus cereus Ct3, isolated from cotton growing soils. Strains were identified through ribotyping (16s rRNA) by Macrogen (Macrogen Inc. Geumchen-gu, South Korea). Bacillus cereus Ct3 was resistant up to 125 mg L−1 of chlorpyrifos and successfully degraded 88% of chlorpyfifos in 8 days at pH 8. Bacillus cereus Ct3 tolerated about 30–40 °C of temperature, this is a good sign for in situ bioremediation. Green compost, farmyard manure and rice husk were tested, where ANOVA (P < 0.05) and Plackett–Burman design, results indicated that the farm yard manure has significant impact on degradation. It reduced the lag phase and brought maximum degradation up to 88%. Inoculum size is a statistically significant (P < 0.05) factor and below 106 (CFU g−1) show lag phase of 4–6 days. Michaelis–Menten model results were as follows; R2 = 0.9919, Vmax = 18.8, Ks = 121.4 and Vmax/Ks = 0.1546. GC–MS study revealed that chlorpyrifos first converted into diethylthiophosphoric acid and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). Later, TCP ring was broken and it was completely mineralized without any toxic byproduct. Plackett–Burman design was employed to investigate the effect of five factors. The correlation coefficient (R2) between experimental and predicted value is 0.94. Central composite design (CBD) was employed with design matrix of thirty one predicted and experimental values of chlorpyrifos degradation, having “lack of fit P value” of “0.00”. The regression coefficient obtained was R2 = 0.93 which indicate that the experimental vales and the predicted values are closely fitted. The most significant factors highlighted in CBD/ANOVA and surface response plots were chlorpyrifor concentration and inoculum size. Bacillus cereus Ct3 effectively degraded chlorpyrifos and can successfully be used for bioremediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soils.
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