Pulmonary artery stiffness increases early in the course of PH (even when PH is detectable only with exercise and before overt pressure elevations occur at rest). These observations suggest a potential contributory role of PA stiffness in the development and progression of PH.

DE-CMR can successfully guide repeated PVI procedures by accurately identifying and localizing gaps and may reduce procedural duration and radiofrequency application time.

1Background: Identification of left atrial (LA) fibrosis through late gadolinium-enhanced 2