With healthcare services in India coming under the consumer protection act, the cases of law suits against doctors are increasing every day. Training our students in ethical conflict resolution is very important in addressing this problem. The teaching modules for training students in ethical conflict resolution are to be tested before implementation. In this study we tested a module for teaching ethical conflict resolution to final MBBS medical students by comparing retention of knowledge by collaborative learning with individual efforts at learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 38 students of final MBBS after obtaining informed consent and delivered an interactive lecture on resolving ethical conflicts using Davidson's principles and practice of medicine which is a prescribed textbook for medical undergraduates of our university as a resource material. Pre and post tests were conducted to assess the understanding. Subsequently the students were divided into two groups. Group 1 was given a short break after which the students wrote a long essay answer to solve an ethical case scenario for 10 marks. Group 2 had a group discussion to solve the same case scenario after which they answered the long essay question. Feedback was obtained from both the groups about the teaching learning activity. The long essay answers were assessed by two independent examiners and the performance of students in both the groups was compared. RESULTS: The students were divided into 2 groups by alternate number allocation. Both the groups were comparable in their posttest performance. Group 1 wrote the answer to the long essay by individual effort. The average marks for this group was 5.95+1.25. Group 2 answered the long essay question by collaborative learning and had an average score of 6.95+1.23. There was a significant difference between the two groups with the unpaired t test being 2.48 and p value <0.05. The interrater reliability for the examiners was found to be Kappa=0.42(p <.0.0001) suggestive of moderate agreement. Many students expressed satisfaction with the teaching module. The students from group 1 predominantly liked the module as a way of sensitising about an important issue. The students of group 2 liked the module as a way of collaborative learning. Both the groups opined that inclusion of role plays, videos, integrated interdisciplinary teaching and other tools could be used to improve the learning. CONCLUSION: Collaborative learning is more effective in retention of knowledge in comparison to individual efforts for teaching principles of ethical conflict resolution.
Background: PMSMA was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to improve the quality and coverage of antenatal care as part of RMNCH+A to reduce MMR. It is an initiative to help pregnant women especially from backward classes, rural areas and belonging to the unprivileged group, in remaining healthy throughout their pregnancy. Objective: 1. To assess the utilization of antenatal care services at PMSMA clinic on 9 th of each month. 2. To know factors associated with the utilization of services in PMSMA clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among 161 mothers who had delivered within one year from the date of the study and who had registered and availed ANC services at Rural field practice area of BIMS, Belagavi. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. After obtaining an informed, written consent from the eligible participants, data was collected regarding utilization of ANC services and the quality of care received by them. The collected data was compiled, tabulated and analyzed in MS Excel and SPSS. The results are presented as percentage and proportion and chi-square test has been applied. Results: Majority of participants belonged to the age group 20-30 years. Majority were Hindu by religion and belonged to low socioeconomic class. ANC services under PMSMA were utilized by 32% participants. The utilization of services under PMSMA was found to be significantly associated with the type of family of the participant and awareness regarding the same. Conclusion:This study found low level of utilization of antenatal services under PMSMA in rural area of Belagavi.
BACKGROUND:Pesticide poisoning is a public health problem in developing countries. The anticholinesterase effect of OP compound is observed by decrease in serum pseudo cholinesterase level. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the serum cholinesterase level and mortality following OP compound poisoning since it is not conclusive in previous studies. MATERIAL AND
Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women for safe pregnancy and healthy babies. It is the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. Health knowledge is an important element which enables women to be aware of their health status and promotes service utilization which further improves the health of the beneficiaries. This study was conducted among mothers of rural area of Belagavi with an objective to determine the level of knowledge related to ANC and the factors associated with the same. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among mothers who had delivered within one year from date of study and who had registered and availed antenatal services in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, BIMS, Belagavi. Sample size was calculated as 161. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. Data was collected after obtaining an informed, written consent from the participants and was compiled, tabulated and analysed in MS Excel. The results are presented as percentage and proportions and chi square test has been applied. Results: 50% participants had fair knowledge regarding ANC. The level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant with employment status and BPL status. Conclusions: The study found adequate knowledge among majority of mothers.
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