Objective: The objective of the present investigation is to prepare zolmitriptan (ZOL) mouth dissolving films (MDFs) and to investigate the influence of formulation variables on physicomechanical, chemical, and drug release properties of the prepared MDFs. Methods: The MDFs were prepared by solvent casting technique using wet film applicator. The impact of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of different viscosity grades (hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose [HPMC] E3, E5, and E15), plasticizers (glycerol and polyethylene glycol [PEG]-400), and solubilizing agents (polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP K30] and sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS]) on physicomechanical, chemical, and drug release properties were evaluated. The MDFs were also characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffractometry studies. Results: The MDFs prepared were transparent and smooth and showed no recrystallization. The tensile strength of the MDFs increased significantly with an increase in polymer viscosities, and about a 2.63-fold increase in tensile strength was observed for HPMC E15 MDFs compared to E3, whereas an increase in film thickness resulted in brittle MDFs with low tensile strength. Similar results were observed with percent elongation and folding endurance of the MDFs. In vitro, drug release studies indicate that higher film thickness and polymer viscosities delayed the MDF disintegration and, in turn, the ZOL release. Addition of PVP K30 and SLS to HPMC E3 formulations resulted in 1.66- and 1.53-fold increase in ZOL release rates. Conclusion: Overall, F7 formulation showed quicker disintegration (within 11 s) and ZOL release rates (within 180 s) along with good physicomechanical properties. These results indicated that the disintegration and drug release of ZOL can be enhanced to a greater extent by optimizing formulation variables in MDFs.
The aim of the present investigation is to prepare and evaluate mouth dissolving films (MDFs) of Almotriptan (ALMO) and to find out the effect of various formulation variables like film thickness, plasticizers, polymer viscosities and solubilizing agents on physico-mechanical and drug release properties of ALMO. Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E3, E5, E15) of different viscosity grades were used as film forming agents, poly ethylene glycol (PEG-400) and glycerol as plasticizers. The developed MDFs were characterized for film thickness, disintegration time, FTIR, DSC, XRD and drug release behavior. The films were homogenous, elegant, transparent and smooth in texture. Photomicrographs, along with DSC and XRD studies confirm no recrystallization of ALMO with in MDFs. In-vitro dug release studies indicate that HPMC E15 films attributed to their higher viscosity showed slower ALMO release compared to other formulations. Addition of solubilizing agents (PVP K30 and SLS) to HPMC E3 formulations brought a significant increase in ALMO release rates compared to formulations without them. The formulation F5 showed quicker disintegration (within 8.66sec) and ALMO release rates (complete release was obtained in 80sec) along with good physico-mechanical properties. Accelerated stability studies revealed no significant change in appearance and ALMO content in MDFs indicating that ALMO was stable in MDFs.
Objective: The present investigation aimed to prepare metronidazole (MTZ) topical bigel for the effective delivery of MTZ and to study the effect of used variables as per statistical design. The study also signifies the implementation of the statistical method using the Quality by Design technique for MTZ bigel. Methods: The MTZ bigels were prepared as per the runs suggested by box behnken design (BBD) using statistical software. A total of 28 runs were suggested by the BBD considering sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), guar gum, hydrogel, and RPM as independent variables. The prepared bigels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, percentage drug content, spreadability, viscosity, percentage in-vitro drug release, and antimicrobial efficacy. Model selectivity ascertained by pvalue considering responses along with predicted R2 and adjusted R2 value. Fitting of model ascertained by F-value as well as “lack of fit” carried out to find out the suitability of the experimental design. Furthermore, the characteristic distribution of data ascertained by the “normal plot of residual” method. The compatibility of MTZ and excipients in bigels were confirmed by FTIR and the crystalline nature of MTZ in formulations was studied by DSC and XRD studies. Furthermore, the dispersion of bigel was assessed by the SEM study. Results: The effect of independent variables on Spreadability (mm), Viscosity (cp), pH, Drug release in 6th hour (%), and Drug content (%) was evaluated. The optimized formulation was selected and evaluated by a polynomial equation while considering the p-value. These variables showed a significant effect on responses. A less significant difference was observed (6.37, 14463, 6.97, 86.29, and 67.47 respectively for spreadability, viscosity, pH, and percentage drug release and % drug content) was found between the observed and predicted values indicating that the model is suitable. The prepared bigels were compatible and globules were found to be uniformly dispersed throughout bigel. Conclusion: The 3D response surface design ascertained the optimal MTZ bigel at 1.25g of NaCMC, 0.5g of guar gum, 37.5g hydrogel, and 1000 RPM. The selected showed good antimicrobial efficacy against S. Aureus and may be considered as better delivery vehicles for the effective delivery of MTZ.
Rapidly changing technologies and increasing globalization suggests that better education and training have become essential for sustainable development improved livelihoods and the competitiveness of the economy. Education and training needs are required to be placed at the centre of the rural development agenda in order to contribute to eradicating poverty and backwardness, to ensure sustainable growth and to build human capacity for rural development. Education is the process that liberates the mind. It is liberation from all forms of darkness and ignorance. Women's literacy is essential for economic viability and independence. Acquisition of knowledge is one of the prerequisites of human development. Today all development agencies agree on the importance of educating women in order to promote and maintain family education, health, nutrition and general well-being. The aim of education should be to train women in such a way that they apply their acquired knowledge to the pursuits of daily life and fit them for the position they have to fill.
Objective: In the present research work, oral gastro retentive dosage forms (GRDFs) of capecitabine (CPC) were formulated using floating concept. Methods: GRDFs were formulated using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M and K15M) as drug release retardant, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as gas generating agents, and micro crystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), spray dried lactose (SDL), and pre gelatinized starch (PGS) as fillers. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and evaluated for various parameters. The GRDFs were also characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results and Discussion: All the formulations were subjected for pre and post compression parameters, shows all the data within the limits. The lag times of GRDFs has decreased significantly for formulations containing calcium carbonate when compared to sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent. In vitro drug release studies indicate that higher polymer concentration delayed the CPC release, and the sustaining effect was in the order K4M > K15M > LVCR 100. Addition of MCC, DCP, SDL, and PGS as fillers further affected the lag time and in turn the CPC release rates. Conclusion: The formulation (F9) containing 10%w/w HPMC K4M as the release retardant, microcrystalline cellulose as filler and 20%w/w CaCO3 as gas generating agent fulfilled regulatory requirements in terms of percent drug release at the end of 24h. Keywords: Capecitabine, Gastro retentive floating tablets, floating drug delivery systems, FTIR, DSC.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.