The methanolic fraction of the root extract of Mikania cordata was found to possess an inhibitory effect on carrageenin and other mediator-induced oedema; there was a significant inhibition of protein exudation, an increase in peritoneal capillary permeability and leucocyte migration in inflammatory conditions. The extract significantly inhibited both cotton pellet and carrageenin-induced granuloma formation, was effective in experimentally induced arthritic conditions and turpentine-induced joint oedema. The extract also possessed inhibitory effects on sodium urate-induced experimental gout. A significant reduction of pyrexia was also found to occur when rats were treated with the extract. Thus it may be concluded that the methanolic fraction of M. cordata root extract possessed significant antiinflammatory effects in exudative, proliferative and chronic phases of inflammation and demonstrated an antipyretic activity.
An improved mathematical model to study the free vibration behavior of rotating functionally graded material beam is presented, considering non-linearity up to second order for the normal and transverse shear strains. The study is carried out considering thermal loading due to uniform temperature rise and using temperature-dependent material properties. Power law variation is assumed for through-thickness symmetric functional gradation of ceramic-metal functionally graded beam. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are considered in the framework of Timoshenko beam theory. First, the rotating beam configuration under time-invariant centrifugal loading and thermal loading is obtained through a geometrically non-linear analysis, employing minimum total potential energy principle. Then, the free vibration analysis of the deformed beam is performed using the tangent stiffness of the deformed beam configuration, and employing Hamilton's principle. The Coriolis effect is considered in the free vibration problem, and the governing equations are transformed to the state-space to obtain the eigenvalue problem. The solution of the governing equations is obtained following Ritz method. The validation is performed with the available results, and also with finite element software ANSYS. The analysis is carried out for clamped-free beam and for clamped-clamped beam with immovably clamped ends. The results for the first two modes of chord-wise and flap-wise vibration in non-dimensional speed-frequency plane are presented for different functionally graded material compositions, material profile parameters, root offset parameters and operating temperatures.
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