In contrast to external high energy photon or proton therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is a systemic cancer treatment allowing targeted irradiation of a primary tumor and all its metastases, resulting in less collateral damage to normal tissues. The α-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 (213Bi) has interesting properties and can be considered as a magic bullet for TRNT. The benefits and drawbacks of targeted alpha therapy with 213Bi are discussed in this review, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside. First, the radionuclide properties and production of 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are discussed, followed by the fundamental chemical properties of bismuth. Next, an overview of available acyclic and macrocyclic bifunctional chelators for bismuth and general considerations for designing a 213Bi-radiopharmaceutical are provided. Finally, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies involving 213Bi-radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the future perspectives of this promising cancer treatment option.
At present, inhibitors of α/β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are viewed as a promising approach to treat inflammation and metabolic disorders. This article describes the optimization of 1,2,5-thiadiazole carbamates as ABHD6 inhibitors. Altogether, 34 compounds were synthesized and their inhibitory activity was tested using lysates of HEK293 cells transiently expressing human ABHD6 (hABHD6). Among the compound series, 4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl cyclooctyl(methyl)carbamate (JZP-430, 55) potently and irreversibly inhibited hABHD6 (IC50 44 nM) and showed good selectivity (∼230 fold) over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), the main off-targets of related compounds. Additionally, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) indicated that compound 55 (JZP-430) displayed good selectivity among the serine hydrolases of mouse brain membrane proteome.
Here we report the nanomolar potencies of N 1 ,N 3dialkyldioxonaphthoimidazoliums against asexual forms of sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Activity was dependent on the presence of the fused quinone-imidazolium entity and lipophilicity imparted by the N 1 /N 3 alkyl residues on the scaffold. Gametocytocidal activity was also detected, with most members active at IC 50 < 1 μM. A representative analog with good solubility, limited PAMPA permeability, and microsomal stability demonstrated oral efficacy on a humanized mouse model of P. falciparum.
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