BackgroundOcular involvement in melioidosis is rare and has devastating outcomes. Although there have been few reports on the condition, Khon Kaen, a city in northeast Thailand, has been called the “capital of melioidosis” due to the high prevalence of the condition in the region. We retrospectively reviewed all admitted cases of melioidosis with ocular involvement from the two largest hospitals in Khon Kaen. We reviewed cases from Srinagarind Hospital (a university hospital) of patients admitted between 1993 and 2016 and from Khon Kaen Hospital (a provincial hospital) of patients who presented from 2012 to 2016.ResultsWe identified 16 cases of ocular involvement. Eight of these cases were proven from positive culture, and the remaining eight were implied from high melioidosis titer. The prevalence was estimated as being from 0.49 to 1.02%. Most patients had underlying diseases (14, 88%), of which diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent (12, 75%). Nine cases (56%) were part of disseminated septicemia. Patients suffered from blindness in 11 (73%) of the 15 cases in which visual acuity was recorded. Orbital cellulitis was the most common manifestation (7, 44%) followed by endophthalmitis (4, 25%). Interestingly, all patients with necrotizing fasciitis (100%) developed septic shock as a consequence. In most of the cases, patients underwent surgery (13, 81%) including incision and drainage, debridement, and pars plana vitrectomy. Despite appropriate management, the visual outcomes were disappointing (9, 64%).ConclusionTo summarize, ocular melioidosis is a highly destructive disease. Early detection and prompt surgical management may reduce morbidity and mortality from septic shock.
Background: Prompt diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is crucial to prevent blindness. Telemedicine for ROP diagnosis can be applied in regions that lack an expert ophthalmologist. Objectives: To assess the value-for-money of telemedicine in screening for ROP in high-risk infants. Methods: A cost-utility analysis of screening and diagnosis of ROP using telemedicine was compared with the current process for ROP screening (Thai Clinical Trials Registry Identification No. TCTR20130911001). We used decision analytical models to compare costs and outcomes in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) to the health provider and society. We used one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to consider parameter uncertainty. Results: The total capital cost for telemedicine to the health provider was 951,000 THB per year. With the base case analysis of 400 children screened per year per RetCam, the performance of screening and diagnosis of ROP using telemedicine (100% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity) was higher compared with the current method (88.9% sensitivity and 93.4% specificity). We therefore expect that blindness can be prevented in 3 children per 400 screening cases. The incremental cost to society of telemedicine compared with the current practice was 837 THB. Preventing just one child from becoming blind can save around 146,000 THB throughout their lifetime based on savings to welfare costs for disabled people. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of this telemedicine was 259 THB per case of prevented blindness and 17,397 THB per QALY saved. Conclusions: Store and forward telemedicine for ROP screening is cost-effective.
To evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of intraocular pressure measurement with Tono-Pen using Ocufilm and polyethylene wrap tip cover in human eyes. Methods This is a cross-sectional, experimental study. A gas-sterilized, polyethylene wrap was used as an alternative for Tono-Pen tip cover. For the right eye, 4 measurements using polyethylene wrap tip cover were done by two examiners (A and B) in random order to assess intraobserver repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility. For the left eye, 4 measurements were done by examiner A using both polyethylene wrap tip cover and Ocufilm in random order to assess intra-observer repeatability and agreement. Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used in all analyses. Cost minimization analysis was evaluated. Results For examiner A, the repeatability of polyethylene wrap tip cover was-0.34, 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were-3.04 to 2.36, and ICC was 0.93 in the right eyes. As for the left eyes, the repeatability of polyethylene wrap tip cover was-0.33, 95% LOA were-3.01 to 2.36, and ICC was 0.93. For examiner B, the repeatability of polyethylene wrap tip cover was-0.02, 95% LOA were-2.88 to 2.83, and ICC was 0.92. The inter-observer reproducibility of polyethylene wrap tip cover was 0.36, 95% LOA were-3.34 to 4.07, and ICC was 0.90. The repeatability of Ocufilm was-0.42, 95% LOA were-2.75 to 1.91, and ICC was 0.95. The agreement of polyethylene wrap tip cover and Ocufilm was-0.71, 95% LOA were-5.18 to 3.76, and ICC was 0.83. There were no allergic reactions or serious complications. From the
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