Demand for environmentally friendly plastic materials which are obtained from renewable resources such as biomass-based polyesters is of concern. Herein, the enhanced characteristic performances of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by employing the fabrication of PBS-based composites with the nanosilver-coated carbon black (AgCB) using an injection-molding method are reported. The preformed AgCB additives are priorly prepared by the benzoxazine oxidation method. Phase characterization of the obtained composite materials examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the crystalline PBS matrix and the presence of metallic silver particles, confirming the successful fabrication of the composite materials. Detailed analyses on thermal, mechanical, electrical, and antimicrobial properties of the composite materials are reported. The AgCB-PBS composite materials provide such potential features by an enhancement of electrical conductivity and the antimicrobial activity by an inhibition against E. coli and C. albicans. These AgCB-PBS composite materials show the possibility to be an option for antielectrostatic and antimicrobial applications such as for the production of smart, environmentally friendly keyboards.
The redox reactions of supported metal species have been investigated by means of in-situ and time-resolved XAFS technique for the Co, Ni, and Cu catalysts supported on silica. The in-situ XAFS experiments revealed the chemical state conversions of supported metal species during the temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation processes. The small metal particles tend to be oxidized at lower temperature and reduced at higher temperature than the corresponding larger particles for the Co and Ni catalysts. The temperature shift is ascribed by the strong interaction of the divalent metal oxide with silica. The time-resolved XAFS measurements revealed the detail dynamic processes of redox reactions for the supported metal specie. The chemical state conversions of the supported Ni species under the mixed gas environment of CO and NO were studied by means of the time-resolved XAFS technique at 873 K. The faster oxidation of metallic Ni than the reduction of NiO were directly demonstrated, and the dynamic conversion of the Ni species thus indicated that the oxidation of CO and the reduction of NO were simultaneously achieved on the supported Ni particles.
The performance of ZrO2-La promoted silica supported cobalt catalyst (100Co/15ZrO2/ 100Aerosil/0.66La) was compared to the ZrO2-Ru promoted one, 100Co/15ZrO2/100Aerosil/0.66Ru, in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). These catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and incipient wetness impregnation methods. The characterization by XRD confirmed the cobalt phase of Co3O4 in both catalysts. For their catalytic activity on FTS reaction, the results preliminarily showed the higher methane fraction (60-80%) and lower C2-C4(10-20%) and C5+(10-20%) fractions in ZrO2-La promoted catalyst compared to the fractions of methane (20-40%), C2-C4(20-50%), and C5+(10-60%) from the ZrO2-Ru promoted catalyst. During reaction, the maximum n-paraffin selectivity of 40% was at C3and the hydrocarbon chain was up to C6for the ZrO2-La promoted catalyst. For the ZrO2-Ru promoted catalyst, the result showed the maximum n-paraffin of C3at 30 min of reaction time. When the reaction time increased, the maximum n-paraffin selectivity shifted toward higher C number but levelled off (15%) and the hydrocarbon chain was up to C16.
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