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Introduction Monitoring of the cardiac output by continuous arterial pulse contour (CO PiCCOpulse ) analysis is a clinically validated procedure proved to be an alternative to the pulmonary artery catheter thermodilution cardiac output (CO PACtherm ) in cardiac surgical patients. There is ongoing debate, however, of whether the CO PiCCOpulse is accurate after profound hemodynamic changes. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the CO PiCCOpulse after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with a simultaneous measurement of the CO PACtherm .