The investigation of specific genes will establish more useful biomarkers for accurate detection and management of gynecological cancers, especially patients with cervical cancer (CCP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression level of RIPK4 and EZH2 messenger RNA (RIPK4 and EZH2 mRNA) in CCP. Expression of RIPK4 and EZH2 in the tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR methods. Correlations of RIPK4 and EZH2 mRNA with clinical and pathological parameters were analyzed using the Fisher's exact test. The mRNA level of RIPK4 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues (4.10 ± 0.89 vs. 1.5 ± 0.82; p = 0.021). EZH2 mRNA was increased in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues (3.54 ± 0.71 vs. 1.2 ± 0.65; p = 0.003). High expression of RIPK4 was observed in 25 patients (64.1%), whereas weak expression was seen in 14 cases (35.9%). Furthermore, the expression of RIPK4 was overexpressed in matched adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.004). FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis were significantly linked to a higher expression of RIPK4 (p < 0.05). Overexpression of EZH2 was found in 30 patients (76.9%) and was associated with FIGO stage, histological type, and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that RIPK4/EZH2 markers might be used as potential predictors of prognosis in cervical cancer.
The
ionization of tartaric acid (TA) in an atmospheric pressure
chemical ionization corona discharge ion source was studied by ion
mobility spectrometry (IMS) with zero air as the drift gas. Density
functional theory was used for structural and thermodynamic analyses
of the produced ionic clusters. Ion mobility spectra of TA were recorded
in both positive and negative modes of CD with and without ammonia
and chloroform as dopants in order to produce NH4
+ and Cl–, respectively, as the reactant ions (RIs).
In the absence of these dopants, the RIs were mainly H3O+ and O2
– in the positive
and negative CD, respectively. TA solutions in water and methanol
were injected into the ionization region of the IMS instrument, and
the product cations TA·H+(H2O)
n
, TA·H+(CH3OH), TA·NH4
+, and TA·NH4
+(CH3OH) were observed in the positive CD. Anionic clusters (TA-H)−, (TA-H)−·CH3OH,
(TA-H)−·TA, TA·Cl–,
and (TA)2Cl– were produced in the negative
CD. The anions TA·Cl– and (TA)2Cl– were not produced in an air atmosphere, and we observed
their peaks when pure oxygen was used as the drift gas. Optimized
structures of the clusters showed that TA·NH4
+, TA·Cl–, and (TA)2Cl– are small host–guest systems in the gas phase,
with TA as a host. (TA)2Cl– is a weakly
bonded complex (an anion-bound dimer) that was observed at atmospheric
pressure. The proton-bound dimer TA·H+·TA was
not produced in the positive CD, while the anionic dimer (TA-H)−·TA was observed in the negative CD. This phenomenon
was interpreted on the basis of the hydration of TA·H+ and (TA-H)−.
Hypnosis in obstetrics is available for more than one hundred years, but the development of inhalational anesthetic and chemotherapy agents and anesthesia drugs pending the 19th century induced the decrement of its application. However, experimental assessment of this type of intervention on labor and delivery in not high yet. For this reason, evaluation of hypnotic techniques in preparing childbirth should be carried out. One of the main unified mind-body healing practices, which has a great remedial potential in different applications of health care like labor and delivery. Assessment of effectiveness of this procedure in various administered trials is not easy, due to methodologic challenges, like normalizing trial conditions and picking up sufficient sizes of sample. Applying techniques of hypnosis for childbirth within hospital settings makes women to easily overcome barriers associated with institutional policies or caregiver resistance. Potential analgesic and anxiolytic clinical hypnosis effects for childbirth deserve more clinical trials. In this regard, nurses who manage women pending labor and delivery could easily enhance their skills and related understandings for contributing to techniques of hypnotherapy.
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