Fluorination can significantly change the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials (CMs). Common sense for the fluorination mechanism for CMs indicates that one basal-plane C−F group (CF group) can form as one fluorine atom bonded to one carbon atom along the out-of-plane carbon networks without creating edge C−F groups (including CF 2 and CF 3 groups) at vacancies in carbon networks. We report that fluorination can generally create edge C−F groups in multidimensional CMs such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerene, and the concentration of edge C−F groups is dependent on both the crystallinity of starting CMs and the fluorination pressure and temperature. As an example, we show the significant differences in the band gap opening, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties between two half-fluorinated graphenes with different concentrations of edge C−F groups. Our findings highlight the importance of fluorination in creating edge C−F groups in the structure and properties and introduce new insight into fluorinated CMs.
Graphene is appearing as a promising candidate in the spintronic application due to its fascinating electrical properties. A large number of theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated the accessibility and...
Fluorination can change graphene’s properties, and which is theoretically relative to fluorination pattern of sp3fluorine adatoms on graphene surface. The common view for the pattern is that it can easily form as a large cluster for the low migration barrier of fluorine adatoms on pristine graphene surface. Here, we report that sp3fluorine adatoms are well-dispersed rather than clustered due to that the intensity ratio of 1.8 for C-CF/CF peaks (R) of fluorinated graphene is much higher than R ≈ 0 forclustered pattern. The low magnetic inducing efficiency of 1 µB/1000F adatoms indicates that the ‘nonmagnetic’ fluorine pairs rather than ‘magnetic’ fluorine ‘points’ dominate the well-dispersed sp3pattern. Our findings introduce a new insight into the fluorination structure properties of fluorinated and other sp3 functionalized such as hydrogenated, chlorinated, or hydroxylated graphene and other carbon materials.
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