We have investigated a correlation of transcript abundances of key genes that influence the quality of wood and flavonoid biosynthesis, such as the two p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) and the two chalcone synthases (CHS) from Eucalyptus globulus grown in a greenhouse. The EglHCT1 and EglHCT2 transcripts accumulated in stems of all ages, but to a lesser extent in leaves. On the other hand, EglCHS3 and EglCHS4 exhibited high transcript levels in leaves, roots and shoots, but low levels in the stem. A positive correlation (R 2 > 0.70) was observed between the transcript levels of the EglHCT1, EglHCT2 genes and Klason lignin (KL) content. In addition, the sum of transcript levels of EglHCT1 and EglHCT2 genes were highly correlated to KL contents (R 2 > 0.85). However, there is no relationship between transcript levels of two CHS genes and, KL or flavonoid contents. This may imply that lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis are independently regulated in E. globulus.
Eucalyptus globulusis the main hardwood species grown in pulpwood plantations in temperate regions of the world. We have cloned six genes influencing wood quality including the LIM domain transcription factor (LIM), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H) and the three catalytic units of cellulose synthase (CesA), fromE. globulus. The transcript abundances of LIM in basal stems of ten independentE. globuluslines showed similar patterns to those of 4CL. We investigated the correlation between gene transcript abundances and wood qualities such as Klason lignin (KL) content, syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V) ratio and holocellulose (HC) content. Expression of the LIM and 4CL were positively correlated with KL content. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between CAld5H expression and S/V ratio. Furthermore, a ratio of the sum of the transcript abundances of three CesA1, CesA2 and CesA3 to 4CL showed a positive correlation with a ratio of HC/KL content that positively correlated with the chemically extracted fiber content in this woody plant.
Amapa Florestal e Celulose S. A. (AMCEL) , with the total area of 3 0 0, 0 0 0ha in Amapa state located in northern Brazil, operates eucalyptus plantation and wood chip production. AMCEL has outstanding features of flat and large bundled land, the distance to the chip mill and the port, abundant precipitation and warm climate. However, AMCEL could not make the most of these features because the growth of trees of plantation was not very good. After the purchase of AMCEL in December2 0 0 6, AMCEL has started the original selection and breeding program. As a result of continuous practice of the program, the growth of the trees was greatly improved.The author stationed in AMCEL from2 0 0 9to2 0 1 2as a supervisor of Research Department and had been working on the improvement of tree growth and property through tree breeding program. In this report the business summary of AMCEL will be presented. Then the relationship between tree growth and the tree property of clonal forest, such as KP yield and wood basic density measured by rapid analyses method, will be discussed.
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