Open carbon nanotube materials with hierarchical porosity and N-doping are prepared from polyaniline nanotubes via a combination method of pre-carbonization and post-KOH activation. The morphology, pore texture and surface properties of the carbon materials are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The prepared carbon materials have a typical hierarchical pore texture and very high specific surface area up to 3253 m 2 g À1 . The electrochemical capacitive performance of the prepared carbons was systematically investigated in the 6 M KOH electrolyte. HPCT-4 exhibits high charge storage capacity with a specific capacitance of 365.9 F g À1 at a current density of 0.1 A g À1 , good rate capability of 60% in the range of 0.1-10 A g À1 , and excellent stability over 10 000 cycles. The high capacitive performance could be due to the hierarchical porosity combined with high effective surface area and heteroatom doping effects, resulting in both electrochemical double layer and Faradaic capacitance contributions.
Self-assembly
of graphene oxide (GO) into three-dimensional (3D) macroscopic architectures
is an efficient strategy to exploit their inherent properties fully
and restrict the formation of irreversible aggregates or restack into
graphitic structure. In the present work, we first report a photoreduction
method for producing the 3D photoreduced graphene hydrogels (PRGHs)
through self-assembly of GO suspension under photochemical reduction
of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine (HEH). The reduction of GO into PRGHs
was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis, and Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It is observed that most
of the oxygenated groups could be efficiently removed, and the sp2-like domains are restored as a result of photoreduction process.
The 3D hierarchically porous structures of the resulting PRGHs have
been intensively investigated by field emission scanning electron
microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM), and N2 sorption measurement. More interestingly,
the supercapacitor based on the PRGHs showed a high specific capacitance
of 254 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 in KOH
electrolyte. The specific capacitance can still be maintained for
64% with an increase of the discharging current density to 4 A g–1. It also showed that the electrode based on PRGHs
has good stability and high reversibility in the charge/discharge
cycling test. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor maintained
at 224 F g–1 (capacitance retention ≈ 88%)
after 4000 cycles.
Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJSJSStSt) is one of the important resources for the wheat improvement. So far, a few Th. intermedium (Thi)-specific molecular markers have been reported, but the number is far from enough to meet the need of identifying alien fragments in wheat-Th. intermedium hybrids. In this study, 5,877,409 contigs were assembled using the Th. intermedium genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. We obtained 5,452 non-redundant contigs containing mapped Thi-GBS markers with less than 20% similarity to the wheat genome and developed 2,019 sequence-tagged site (STS) molecular markers. Among the markers designed, 745 Thi-specific markers with amplification products in Th. intermedium but not in eight wheat landraces were further selected. The distribution of these markers in different homologous groups of Th. intermedium varied from 47 (7/12/28 on 6J/6St/6JS) to 183 (54/62/67 on 7J/7St/7JS). Furthermore, the effectiveness of these Thi-specific markers was verified using wheat-Th. intermedium partial amphidiploids, addition lines, substitution lines, and translocation lines. Markers developed in this study provide a convenient, rapid, reliable, and economical method for identifying Th. intermedium chromosomes in wheat. In addition, this set of Thi-specific markers can also be used to estimate genetic and physical locations of Th. intermedium chromatin in the introgression lines, thus providing valuable information for follow-up studies such as alien gene mining.
Developing flexible sensors with high sensitivity, wide sensing range, and good stability is a challenge. By replicating the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) hole structure, we proposed new strain sensors with...
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