Our findings suggest that CXCL3 and its receptor CXCR2 are overexpressed in prostate cancer cells, prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer tissues, which may play multiple roles in prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
Bladder cancer remains a very challenging disease to treat with the high rates of recurrence and progression associated with current therapies. Although the association between bladder cancer pathology and circRNAs remains undetermined, circRNAs signatures may be useful as prognostic and predictive factors and clinical tools for assessing disease state, treatment response and outcome. This study investigates if these circRNAs can be used as biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and predicting treatment response. Herein, qPCR measured the expression of hsa_circRNA_100783, hsa_circ_0000285 and hsa_circRNA_100782 in bladder cancer tissues. It was established that sa_circ_0000285, but not hsa_circRNA_100782 and hsa_circRNA_10078, are significantly reduced in bladder cancer tissues and serum compared to adjacent tissues and healthy controls. Moreover, hsa_circ_0000285 expression was lower in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer patients than in those who were cisplatin-sensitive. Here, hsa_circ_0000285 was associated with tumor size (p<0.001), differentiation (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.038), distant metastasis (p=0.004) and TNM stage (p=0.013). Further analysis showed that hsa_circ_0000285 would be an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patient outcome. In conclusion, our study indicates hsa_circ_0000285 may be a novel biomarker for bladder cancer because of its involvement in bladder cancer chemo-sensitivity.
Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) promoter methylation in serum-derived DNA of patients with bladder cancer. Methods: DNA was isolated from serum of patients with bladder cancer and from age-and sexmatched controls. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the methylation status of the PCDH17 promoter. The correlations between methylation status and clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were examined. Results: PCDH17 promoter methylation was detected in 79/151 (52.3%) of patients with bladder cancer, and none of the 43 control subjects. Methylation was significantly associated with larger tumour diameter (>3 cm), high grade (G 3 ) and advanced stage (T 2 -T 4 ). Patients with PCDH17 promoter methylation had significantly shorter overall survival than those with unmethylated PCDH17 promoter. Methylation was an independent predictor of overall survival. Conclusions: PCDH17 promoter methylation was significantly associated with malignant behaviour and poor prognosis of bladder cancer. The detection of PCDH17 promoter methylation in serum-derived DNA may be a convenient and noninvasive predictive biomarker in routine clinical practice.
The present study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of exogenous C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) and lentiviral CXCL5 overexpression on the regulation of malignant behaviors of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in a nude mouse xenograft model. The expression levels of CXCL5 and a number of tumor-related genes were assessed by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, ELISA, or immunohistochemistry in normal and cancerous prostate cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and Transwell assays were performed to determine the effects of exogenous, autocrine, and paracrine CXCL5 on prostate cancer cell proliferative and migratory capacity. The results indicated that CXCL5 expression was upregulated in PC‑3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, in WPMY‑1 normal prostate stromal cells, and in RWPE‑1 prostate epithelial cells, as well as in prostate cancer tissue specimens. Exogenous CXCL5 exposure resulted in increase in prostate cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. In cells transfected with a CXCL5 overexpression vector, in cells cultured in conditioned medium from CXCL5-overexpressing WPMY cells, and in cells co-cultured with CXCL5‑OE WPMY cells prostate cancer cell malignant phenotypes were induced in an autocrine/paracrine fashion in vitro; similar results were observed in nude mouse xenografts. CXCL5 overexpression also regulated expression of tumor-related genes, including BAX, N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2, interleukin 18, Bcl‑2, and caspase‑3. These data demonstrated that CXCL5 expression was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and that exogenous CXCL5 protein exposure or CXCL5 overexpression promoted malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract. DNA methylation is one of the major mechanisms via which tumor suppressor gene inactivation occurs. For example, hypermethylation of the promoter region of cadherin 11 (CDH11), a novel tumor suppressor gene, frequently occurs in human cancer. In the current study, the methylation status of CDH11 was investigated in bladder cancer tissue samples, and the correlation with clinicopathological features and patient outcome was assessed. The methylation status of CDH11 was detected in 146 bladder cancer tissues and 37 normal bladder epithelial tissues using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, CDH11 mRNA expression levels were examined by quantitative PCR. Subsequently, associations between CDH11 methylation and specific clinicopathological characteristics, as well as patient outcome, were analyzed. Aberrant CDH11 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 63.0% (92/146) of bladder cancer tissues, however, no CDH11 methylation was identified in the control samples; this difference was significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, CDH11 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the tumor samples with methylated CDH11 compared with the normal bladder epithelium and tumor samples with unmethylated CDH11 (P<0.05). When the methylation status of CDH11 was correlated with the clinicopathological features, it was identified that CDH11 methylation was significantly associated with poor differentiation (P=0.0440), an advanced disease stage (P=0.0350), a larger tumor size (P=0.0013) and multiple tumors (P=0.0390). In addition, patients with methylated CDH11 exhibited significantly poorer outcomes than patients with unmethylated CDH11 (P=0.0004). Furthermore, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that CDH11 methylation was independently associated with a poor outcome in the patients with bladder cancer, with a relative risk of mortality of 6.852 (P= 0.0082; 95% confidence interval, 3.461-16.177). The current findings indicate that aberrant CDH11 methylation frequently occurs in bladder cancer, and correlates with malignant behavior and poor outcome. Thus, CDH11 methylation status may be used as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with bladder cancer.
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