A novel monovinyl β-cyclodextrin monomer (MA-β-CD; MA = methacrylate) was employed to synthesize polycarboxylate superplasticizers modified with β-CD as pendant groups, and their dispersing performance was tested in the absence and presence of montmorillonite. Adsorption measurement and X-ray diffraciton analysis indicated that their interactions with Ca-montmorillonite originated from electrostatic attractions between carboxylate groups and the positive charge of Camontmorillonite particle. Compared with conventional polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) only with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains, polycarboxylate superplasticizers with β-CD as pendants displayed enhanced robustness toward clay. This was attributed to the steric hindrance instigated from β-CD groups with the structure of a hollow truncated cone by hindering the sorption of polycarboxylate polymers on the surfaces of Ca-montmorillonite.
Phosphorescent conjugated polymers consisting of alternating p-phenylene-ethynylene and 'para-' or 'meta-type' Pt(II)-salphen luminophore units have been synthesized. Side-arms bearing different substituents (n-alkoxy and acetylated-sugar) have afforded contrasting emission properties that are attributed to the polymer conformation, extent of π-stacking interactions and differences in chemical structure. Intriguing selectivity in luminescent sensing of metal ions has been observed.
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