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Background:Ductal carcinoma is one of the most common breast cancer (BrC) among the women in the world. Several factors may involve in establishment of breast cancer. The role of viral infections have been investigated in BrC, Among them the association of Epstein Barr virus have been reported in the patients with breast cancer type ductal carcinoma. Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the rate of Epstein Barr virus in women with breast cancer type ductal carcinoma.Material and methods:A total of 72 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks samples were collected from 37 (51.38%) women with breast cancer type ductal carcinoma and 35 (48.61%) samples of breast with fibro adenoma as control group. The DNA was extracted for all the samples. The detection of EBNA 3C EBV DNA was done by nested PCR. The results of positive were sequenced to confirm PCR product and determine EBV genotypes.Results:About 10/37 (27.02%) samples of ductal breast carcinoma were showed positive for EBNA 3C EBV DNA while 4/35 (11.42%) of fibro adenoma were positive for EBNA 3C EBV DNA (p= 0.095). Randomly 7 PCR products were sequenced and the results of sequencing EBNA 3C shows, the detected EBVDNA were type 1 EBV type.Conclusion:This study shows high prevalence of 27.02% EBV DNA type 1 was found in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of Patients with ductal breast carcinoma. The outcomes of this study suggesting that EBV might have a significant role in breast cancer in Ahvaz city, south west region of Iran. However the expression of EBV oncoproteins, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 require to be determined with ductal carcinoma cells. About 72.97% breast samples showed negative for EBVDNA. The role other viruses including Human cytomegalovirus, papilloma viruses and Merkel viruses are required to be investigated in further studies.

Section TitleBreast cancer is the most common cause of death among women worldwide. Although there are many known risk factors in breast cancer development, infectious diseases have appeared as one of the important key to contribute to carcinogenesis formation. The effects of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on women with breast cancer has been recently studied and reported. To contribute to this research trend, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between HCMV and the women with breast cancer.Objective:This experiment aimed to evaluate HCMV DNA in women with breast cancer in Ahvaz city, Iran. Materials and Methods:A total of 37 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of the patients with ductal breast carcinoma and 35 paraffin embedded tissues of the patients with fibro adenoma as control group were collected. The deparaffinization of all the samples were carried out and the DNA was extracted. Initially, the PCR test was carried out to detect beta –globulin DNA as an internal control. For those samples positive for beta –globulin DNA, Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HCMV for the tests and control samples. Results:Among 37 ductal breast carcinoma, 20 (54.04%) cases were proved positive for HCMV DNA by PCR. While among the 35 control group (fibroadenoma), 10 (28.57%) cases were positive for HCMV DNA (P >0.028). The prevalences of HCMV DNA among the age groups 30-39, 40-49 and >50 years were 7 (72.22%), 9 (69.23%), 4 (57.14%), respectively (P=0.066). A high frequency of HCMV DNA was detected in tumor grade III, 13/18 (58.33%) compared with tumor grade II, 7/19 (36.84%) (p=0.044). A high frequency of 16/24 (66.66%) of HCMV DNA was found in invasive ductal breast cancer compared with 4/13 (30.76%) HCMV DNA in situ (P<0.028). Conclusion:A high prevalence of 54.05% HCMV was found among the patients with ductal carcinoma. The percentages of the high prevalence of HCMV among age group (40-49) years, tumors grades, and invasive stage were (69.23%), (58.33%), (66.66%), respectively. Further study of HCMV in the latency phase in patients with ductal carcinoma would be necessary to extend our knowledge.

Background and Objectives: Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is an extremely frequent ophthalmological disease caused by various serological subtypes of human adenovirus (HAdV) worldwide. Adenoviruses serotypes 8, 11, 19, 37 frequently cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of adenovirus serotypes in patients with EKC in Ahvaz , Iran. Materials and Methods: Eighty- eight ocular swabs were collected from patients with EKC. The specimens were analyzed for detection of adenovirus by standard PCR. The PCR products were further sequenced and analyzed to determine the serotypes. Results: The study population consisted of 49/88 (55.7%) males and 39/88 (44.3%) females. Among them 25 (51.02%) males and 22 (56.41%) females were positive for HAdV serotype 8 (p= 0.488). Overall forty-seven (53.4%) samples were positive for AdV serotype 8 while forty- one patients (46.59%) were negative for the adenovirus serotypes. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed predominanance of HAdV 8 with high prevalence of 53.4% among patients with Keratoconjunctivitis. Forty- one patients (46.59%) were negative for adenovirus. Still, the role for other related viruses such as enteroviruses need to be investigated in patients with EKC.

The emergence of a highly pathogenic virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) accounts for severe pneumonia throughout the world. More than 7 million world population have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the number of deaths is increasing every day. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI). During an outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2, the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 909 hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia, including 517 (56.9%) males and 392 (43.1%) females. All the collected samples were from different cities of Khuzestan province from 19 February to- 27 March 2020. The RNA was extracted from samples and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2. Simultaneously, the computerized tomography (CT) scan was tested for the presence of ground-glass opacity in the lung among the patients. Of the total number of 909 specimens, 328 (36.08%) cases, including 185 (20.35%) females and 143 (15.73%) males, were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 while, 581 (63.9%) cases, including 374 (41.14%) males and 207 (22.77%) were negative for the SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR (p=0.001).Four hundred sixteen (45.76%) cases were positive for ground-glass opacity in the lung by CT scan, while 328/909 (36.08%) trials proved positive for SARS-CoV-2 by the real-time PCR (p=0.003). In this study, 36.08% of patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Although the results of positive cases by CT scan showed higher than real-time PCR, screening the SARS-CoV-2 with a real-time PCR method is the first line of choice.