The aim of this paper is to study the solutions of environment pollutions and worker's health problems caused by textile manufacturing operations like spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and printing etc. The findings of this paper established that, textile manufacturing processes have serious impact on worker's health. Textile manufacturing zones like spinning and weaving sections are generating loud noise those are creating hearing problems to the workers. In the same time, these sections are spreading dust to the air those are creating breathing problems to the workers. Employees working in the dyeing sections are coming in touch to the harmful dyes, chemicals and auxiliaries those are creating serious skin problems, even sometimes cancer. Bleaching and dyeing sections are releasing toxic gases to the environment by which men and animals are seriously suffering with safety and health issues. While producing natural fibers, harmful chemicals and insecticides are thrown to the plants to protect them from different insects; those are also creating health problems to the men and animals. Employees working in the weaving sections have to perform the task of drafting and denting before starting a loom, those are creating problems to the eyesight. Besides, these textile manufacturing operations are polluting the environmental drastically. Textile industries are releasing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases to air, those are drastically polluting the environment, increasing global temperature, melting ice of the poles and causing sea level rise. This increased temperature also causes greenhouse effect. Dyeing and printing industries are dumping the toxic chemicals, dyes and oils to water and polluting river, cannel and sea. These industries are also dumping the toxic and solid garbage to soil and polluting the environment. If textile industries can use effluent treatment plant (ETP) to purify the used chemicals and water before dumping down them to river, then the problem of water pollution could be solved. Industries should also use chemical chimney to reduce air pollution. Workers should use ear plugs to be safe from noise pollution. They should use mask to be safe from odor pollution and dust. They also can use glasses to give protection to the eyes. While working in the dyeing sections to prepare recipe, employees should use masks, gloves, aprons to get protections from harmful chemicals and auxiliaries. Employees should follow all the health care and hygiene issues. Industrialists should follow all the safety issues before running the industries. Everyone should come forward from everyone's end to make the world better and greener. This paper is beneficial to the personnel involved in environment science studies who are in charge of working with the environmental issues. This paper opens possible ways for the scholars to further study in this field.
The aim of this research was to identify optimum values of the colorfastness properties of sustainable dyes on cotton fabrics. Sustainable dyes are ecofriendly, biodegradable, economical and easily attainable from natural sources. The findings of this research established that good colourfastness properties of cellulosic fibres could be obtained using sustainable natural dyes. Experiments were carried out on 100% cotton voile fabrics of plain weave using four types of natural dyes: strawberry dye, beetroot dye, rose dye and China rose dye. Strawberry dye reacted with the cellulose of the cotton in an alkaline condition to form a stable covalent bond amid the dye and cellulose and showed outstanding colour fastness properties. The required experiments were conducted using the standard specified by ASTM and AATCC as stated in this paper. The colour strength properties, colour intensity properties, colour absorbency properties and colorfastness properties were investigated using a reflectance spectrophotometer and “Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Instrument” as stated in this paper. A sample dyeing machine – “Pad Dye Pad Steam” was used in this research to dye the cotton fabrics with sustainable natural dyes. The colorfastness properties were investigated using grey scale test results, and the colour strength and absorbency properties were tested using the spectrophotometer and FTIR instruments. The peak values of the FTIR instrument guaranteed the existence of the colourant or chromophore present in the dyestuffs, and exposed the best colourfastness properties. The findings of this research could be beneficial to personnel involved in textile industries who are in charge of dyeing cotton fabrics with natural dyes as well as controlling their colourfastness properties and colour intensity properties.
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