Most people in the world still use medicinal plants to treat and prevent disease. In Anatolia, studies have shown that people have used plants for centuries to treat many diseases. Herbal markets play an important role in the supply of medicinal plants and the transmission of cultural heritage. In this study, we investigated the traditional uses of medicinal plants traded in Kahramanmaraş herbal markets. We also analyzed the threats that may arise from the use of medicinal plants and the measures that can be taken to protect these plants. For these purposes, ethnomedicinal data were collected using semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires of herbalists and local people. Ethnobotanical indices (e.g., Relative Frequency of Citation, Use Value, Relative Importance, and Informant Consensus Factor) were used to quantify the use and cultural importance of medicinal plants sold at Kahramanmaraş herbal markets. We identified 62 taxa (11 imported) of plants that are used in traditional folk medicines. The top three plant taxa sold per year by herbalists at Kahramanmaraş herbal markets are Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ; 140 kg), Thyme ( Thymus sp.; 109 kg), and Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua ; 106.5 kg). The plant parts and mode of utilization used most are leaves (28 reports) and infusion (36 reports), respectively. The highest ICF value was detected for endocrine system ailments (0.78), and the next highest two values were lymphatic system (0.75) and respiratory system ailments (0.72). We determined that Urtica dioica , G. glabra , Thymus sp., Mentha x piperita have widely traditional uses, with high ethnobotanical index values and use reports. In addition, according to IUCN criteria, 26 of 62 taxa identified in the research are under threat to various degrees on a global scale.
yerleşkesi tohumlu bitki çeşitliliğini belirlemek ve sistematiğinin oluşturulması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma alanı Kahramanmaraş ili sınırları içinde ve Davis'in karelaj (Grid) sistemine göre C6 karesinde yer almaktadır. Bu araştırmada, Nisan 2016-Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında toplanan bitki örnekleri değerlendirilmiş ve 65 familya, 194 cinse ait 279 tohumlu bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 2 adeti (% 0.71) (Papaver clavatum, Trigonella kotschyi) Türkiye için endemiktir. Ayrıca Türkiye için endemik olup yalnızca Muğla ve çevresinden bilinen Liquidambar orientalis var. orientalis taksonu yerleşke içerisinde ex-situ olarak bulunmaktadır. Fitocoğrafik bölgesi belirlenebilen taksonların 21'i (% 7.5) İran-Turan bölgesine, 10'u (% 3.5) Avrupa-Sibirya bölgesine, 54'ü (% 19.3) Akdeniz bölgesine dâhildir. Çok bölgeli veya bölgesi bilinmeyen 194 takson ise % 69.5 oranına sahiptir. En çok taksona sahip familyalar, Fabaceae 54 takson (% 19.4), Asteraceae 29 takson (% 10.4), Poaceae 21 takson (% 7.5), Rosaceae 11 takson (% 3.9), Apiaceae ve Brassicaceae ise 10'ar taksona (% 3.6) sahiptir.
The aim of this study is to determine the species richness of the genus Astragalus in Kahramanmaraş and to present the updated distribution information with the help of Geographic Information Systems in a conservation point of view. In this study, country flora, recently published articles on the province of Kahramanmaraş, checklists, regional flora studies in the province, section revisions of Astragalus and also the plant samples collected from the field surveys in Kahramanmaraş were used. According to the results of the field studies supported by the literature, 95 plant taxa belonging to the genus Astragalus are listed together with their valid names and previous synonyms. The number of endemic taxa in Kahramanmaraş is 37 (with the endemism rate 39%). In the plant list, the largest sections of the genus Astragalus are Rhacophorus with 23 taxa, Onobrychoidei with 8 taxa, Dasyphyllium, Malacothrix, Myobroma, Proselius and Pterophorus with 6 taxa for each. The distribution of the taxa to the phytogeographical regions is as follows; 56 taxa (59%) Irano-Turanian element, 28 taxa (30%) Multi-regional or unknown origin, and the rest; 6 taxa (6%) is an element of the Eastern Mediterranean, 4 taxa (4%) of the Eastern Mediterranean (mountain) element and 1 taxon (1%) of the Euro-Siberian element. IUCN threat categories of endemic taxa were reassessed. As a result, totally 11 taxa are in threatened categories according to IUCN (4 taxa in CR, 2 taxa in EN and 5 taxa in VU categories) and the remaining 26 taxa are in lower threat categories (NT and LR). According to the distributions of species, which produced based on the grid system and the conservation point of view; (J13) in Çağlayancerit, (D4, E4 and G8) in Göksun, (I10) in the place between Ekinözü and central district, and (K10) in the central district of Kahramanmaraş were determined as the richest squares. These areas are very important in terms of conservation
Bu çalıĢma ile Sisdağı (ġalpazarı-Trabzon) ve yöresinin bitkisel tür zenginliği ve tehdit altındaki türleri tespit edilmiĢtir. AraĢtırma alanı Trabzon ili sınırları içerisinde ve Davis'in grid sistemine göre A7 karesinde yer almaktadır. ÇalıĢma neticesinde Pteridophyta ve Spermatophyta bölümlerine iliĢkin 84 familya ve 254 cinse ait toplam 472 vasküler bitki taksonu (418 tür, 45 alttür, 9 varyete) saptanmıĢtır. Toplanan taksonlardan 15 adedi (% 3,18) Türkiye için endemik, 11 adedi (% 2,33) ise nadir bitkilerdir. AraĢtırma alanında saptanan 82 familyadan takson zenginliği açısından önde gelen familyalar sırası ile;
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