Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used
in various biological applications
because of their small surface area-to-volume ratios, ease of synthesis
and modification, low toxicity, and unique optical properties. These
properties can vary significantly with changes in AuNP size, shape,
composition, and arrangement. Thus, the stabilization of AuNPs is
crucial to preserve the properties required for biological applications.
In recent years, various polymer-based physical and chemical methods
have been extensively used for AuNP stabilization. However, a new
stabilization approach using biomolecules has recently attracted considerable
attention. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, peptides, and proteins are
representative of the biomoieties that can functionalize AuNPs. According
to several studies, biomolecules can stabilize AuNPs in biological
media; in addition, AuNP-conjugated biomolecules can retain certain
biological functions. Furthermore, the presence of biomolecules on
AuNPs significantly enhances their biocompatibility. This review provides
a representative overview of AuNP functionalization using various
biomolecules. The strategies and mechanisms of AuNP functionalization
using biomolecules are comprehensively discussed in the context of
various biological fields.
The performance of aluminum-air battery is improved by adding agar molecules to the electrolyte (4 M NaOH). A significant suppression of the parasitic self-corrosion reaction and the improvement of fuel efficiency were obtained. The fuel efficiency is elevated up to 35.95% and the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases up to 62.8%. The physisorption of the agar molecules on the aluminum surface improved the performance of aluminum-air battery. The adsorption of agar molecules on the aluminum surface was observed from the surface analysis with SEM, Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the adsorption energies from the computational simulations. Furthermore, the optimized structure model of agar molecules on the aluminum surface was proposed. To figure out the inhibition performance of agar molecules as an electrolyte additive for aluminum-air batteries, the experimental methods such as hydrogen evolution test, electrochemical tests, surface analysis and density functional theory (DFT) with computational simulations are used in this study.
The
low sheet resistance and high optical transparency of silver nanowires
(AgNWs) make them a promising candidate for use as the flexible transparent
electrode of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In a perovskite LED (PeLED),
however, the AgNW electrode can react with the overlying perovskite
material by redox reactions, which limit the electroluminescence efficiency
of the PeLED by causing the degradation of and generating defect states
in the perovskite material. In this study, we prepared Ag–Ni
core–shell NW electrodes using the solution-electroplating
technique to realize highly efficient PeLEDs based on colloidal formamidinium
lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanoparticles (NPs). Solvated Ni
ions from the NiSO4 source were deposited onto the surface
of AgNW networks in three steps: (i) cathodic cleaning, (ii) adsorption
of the Ni-ion complex onto the AgNW surface, and (iii) uniform electrodeposition
of Ni. An ultrathin (∼3.5 nm) Ni layer was uniformly deposited
onto the AgNW surface, which exhibited a sheet resistance of 16.7
Ω/sq and an optical transmittance of 90.2%. The Ag–Ni
core–shell NWs not only increased the work function of the
AgNW electrode, which facilitated hole injection into the emitting
layer, but also suppressed the redox reaction between Ag and FAPbBr3 NPs, which prevented the degradation of the emitting layer
and the generation of defect states in it. The resulting PeLEDs based
on FAPbBr3 NPs with the Ag–Ni core–shell
NWs showed high current efficiency of 44.01 cd/A, power efficiency
of 35.45 lm/W, and external quantum efficiency of 9.67%.
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