ÖzÇalışanların etik dışı davranışları örgütte yarattığı ciddi olumsuz sonuçlar nedeniyle incelenmesi gereken önemli bir konudur. Ancak çalışanların davranışlarına yansıyan etik algılarını anlamak ve yönetmek oldukça karmaşık bir konudur. Etik algısını anlama çabasının geniş bağlamda ele almasının gerekliliği göz önüne alınarak bu çalışmanın amacı işyerinde etik algısının cinsiyete ve kuşaklara göre farklılıklarının tespit edilmesidir. Türkiye'de Y kuşağından 460, X kuşağından 256 ve bebek patlaması kuşağından da 112 olarak toplamda 828 çalışan araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda işyerinde etik dışı davranışa gösterilen tolerans cinsiyete göre ve kısmen kuşaklara göre farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca Türkiye'deki Y kuşağının göreceli olarak etik dışı davranmaya diğer kuşaklardan daha meyilli olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçları, sınırlılıkları açıklanmış ve uygulamaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Although the determinants of crime rates have been widely studied in the literature, previous studies have not taken into account the existence of outliers that may affect the estimation accuracy. In this study, socioeconomic determinants of crime rates against property and people were investigated using Path analysis based on both classical and robust (MM-estimator) approaches. Findings present that unemployment and migration rates are effective on crime rates against people according to both estimation approaches. However, crime rates against property are only affected from migration rates with regards to the classical approach, whereas income and unemployment rates are unique significant determinants according to the robust approach.
An increase in employment is an important dynamic that contributes to the growth of countries. Labor force, technology, size and age of enterprises are defined as effective factors in the literature. Nevertheless, trouble-free processes in financial opportunities, infrastructure and regulatory agencies have supportive effects. Troubles in these processes are known as obstacles to growth of enterprises. In this study, dynamics and obstacles, as well as other factors that affect employment increase have been analyzed using World Bank Enterprise Survey (2015) for 6006 enterprises that are operating in Turkey. With reference to knowledge in this survey, the increases in the number of employees between the years of 2012 and 2014 were calculated. These increases were transformed into a categorical variable. The relationship between this categorical variable with the gender of executives, educational level of executives, the industry that enterprise belongs to, the age of the enterprise , the size of enterprise and obstacles were investigated. Multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression wer e used in the analysis. According to the findings, the age of the enterprises, the educational level of executives, the industry that the enterprise belongs to, inadequately educated employees, political instability as well as tax administration have an effect on increases in employment. Türkiye'deki İşletmelerin İstihdam Artışını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesiÖZ İstihdam artışı ülke ekonomisinin büyümesine katkıda bulunan bir dinamiktir. Literatürde, beşeri sermaye, teknoloji, işletmelerin büyüklüğü ve yaşı işletmelerin büyümesinde etkili olan faktörler olarak sıralanır. Bununla beraber altyapıda, finansal olanaklarda ve düzenleyici kuruluşlarda sorunsuz işleyiş işletmelerin büyümesi üzerinde destekleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. Ancak bu yapıda karşılaşılan aksaklıklar, işletmelerin büyüme konusunda karşılaştıkları engellerdir. Bu çalışmada, istihdam artışını etkileyen dinamikler ve yanı sıra engeller, Dünya Bankası'nın düzenlediği 2015 yılı İşletme Anketlerinden faydalanılarak, Türkiye'de fa aliyet gösteren 6006 işletme üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu ankette yer alan 2012 ve 2014 yılı çalışan sayıları bilgisinden hareketle istihdam artışları hesaplanmış ve bu artışlar kategorik veriye dönüştürülmüştür. Elde edilen bu kategorik değişken ile yöneticilerin cinsiyeti, eğitim düzeyi, işletmenin yer aldığı sektör, işletmenin yaşı, büyüklüğü, işletmelerin karşılaştıkları engeller arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Çalışmada çoklu uyum analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre , işletmenin yaşı, yöneticinin eğitim düzeyi, sektör, yetersiz eğitimli işgücü, politik istikrarsızlık ve vergi yönetimi işletmelerin istihdam artışı üzerinde etkili olan değişkenlerdir.
Gender attitude is the concept defines the roles and behaviors that society and cultural structure expect from women and men throughout their lives. Gender equality emphasizes that women and men should have equal rights and opportunities and should not be gender-dependent. On the other hand, gender inequality can be defined as inequality in accessing resources and opportunities by sex. The effects of gender inequality can be observed in couples' relationships and social events in daily life. It is not possible to deny the role of gender inequality on people’s and society’s happiness level since it is one of the most important dynamics of social life. In this study, the relationship between gender attitudes and happiness perceptions of individuals were analyzed by using micro data. Within the scope of the study “Attitude Scale Regarding Gender Roles”, which is validated and reliable in the literature, was applied to a randomly selected sample. The sample was designed using both multistage sampling and stratified sampling techniques together. Stratification was planned on the basis of faculties. The prepared questionnaire was applied to a random sample of 3403 university students. The data collected were analyzed by homogeneity analysis and two-step cluster analysis, which are some of the Optimal Scaled Multivariate Analysis techniques. According to the results, it was observed that individuals whose gender attitude is relatively egalitarian are moderately happy and also, are the happiest with themselves. In addition, it is remarkable that the categories of success and love are closely located. Individuals with relatively more traditional attitude describe themselves as very happy. Additively it was determined that their source of happiness is their families, while the concept that makes them most happy is “health”. The findings are corroborated with the two-step cluster analysis results.
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