<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Several recent research studies show high performance of blood biomarkers to identify Alzheimer’s disease also in the pre-dementia mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, but data from the routine clinical care memory clinic setting are needed. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined plasma samples of 144 memory clinic patients, including dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT, <i>n</i> = 54), MCI (<i>n</i> = 57), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, <i>n</i> = 33), who either presented as self-referrals or were referred by general practitioners or neurologists or psychiatrists. The plasma biomarkers, amyloid-beta42 (Aß42), amyloid-beta40 (Aß40), phospho-Tau181 (pTau181), total-tau (tTau), and neurofilament light (NFL), as well as different ratios, were measured using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay technology. Statistical analysis including Kruskal-Wallis test, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristics analyses was performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the single markers, we observed statistically significant group effects of pTau181 (H(2) = 34.43, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and NFL (H(2) = 27.66, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). All individual group comparisons of pTau181 were significant, while the contrast of SCD versus MCI for NFL was not significant. In addition, the ratios of Aß42/Aß40 (H(2) = 7.50, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and pTau181/Aß42 (H(2) = 25.26, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) showed significant group effects with significant difference between all groups for pTau181/Aß42 and an SCD versus MCI difference for Aß42/Aß40. PTau181 showed the highest area under the curve of 0.85 for the discrimination of SCD and DAT with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 79% at a cut-off of 12.2 pg/mL. Age influenced Aß42, Aß40, and NFL concentrations. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Plasma pTau181 and NFL, as well as the ratios Aß42/Aß40 and pTau181/Aß42, are biomarkers, which can differentiate diagnostic groups in a memory clinic setting outside of research studies.

Summary Objectives Candidemia is among the most frequent nosocomial bloodstream infections. Landmark case‐control studies on amphotericin B and fluconazole estimated attributable mortality rates of 38% and 49%, respectively. After introduction of echinocandins, these may have decreased. Methods In a case‐control design, 100 consecutive, hospitalised patients with candidemia were enrolled at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany between 2014 and 2017. Controls were patients without candidemia matched for age, sex, year and duration of hospitalisation, main admission diagnosis and Patient Clinical Complexity Level (PCCL). Main data captured were risk factors for candidemia, attributable mortality rates and diagnostic and therapeutic adherence according to the EQUAL Candida score. Results Overall mortality rates for cases and controls were 43% and 17% (P < .001), respectively; day 30 mortality rates were 38% and 11% (P = .03), accounting for an attributable mortality of 26% and 27%. Guideline adherence was higher in surviving vs non‐surviving patients: while survivors reached a median of 17 (IQR: 16‐19) points, non‐surviving cases reached a median 16 (IQR: 14‐18) points out of 22 maximum achievable points (P = .028). Risk factors for candidemia were more frequent in cases compared to control patients, especially chronic pulmonary disease (25% vs 16%; P = n.s.), chronic liver disease (21% vs 6%; P = .002), stay on intensive care unit (70% vs 64%; P = n.s.), respiratory failure (56% vs 50%; P = n.s.) and central venous catheter (97% vs 35%; P < .001). Conclusions Attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia is still substantial but has decreased compared to previous studies with similar design.