Background Supplementation of vitamin C in septic patients remains controversial despite eight large clinical trials published only in 2020. We aimed to evaluate the evidence on potential effects of vitamin C treatment on mortality in adult septic patients. Methods Data search included PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis of eligible peer-reviewed studies was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Only studies with valid classifications of sepsis and intravenous vitamin C treatment (alone or combined with hydrocortisone/thiamine) were included. Results A total of 17 studies including 3133 patients fulfilled the predefined criteria and were analyzed. Pooled analysis indicated no mortality reduction in patients treated with vitamin C when compared to reference (risk difference − 0.05 [95% CI − 0.11 to − 0.01]; p = 0.08; p for Cochran Q = 0.002; I2 = 56%). Notably, subgroup analyses revealed an improved survival, if vitamin C treatment was applied for 3–4 days (risk difference, − 0.10 [95% CI − 0.19 to − 0.02]; p = 0.02) when compared to patients treated for 1–2 or > 5 days. Also, timing of the pooled mortality assessment indicated a reduction concerning short-term mortality (< 30 days; risk difference, − 0.08 [95% CI − 0.15 to − 0.01]; p = 0.02; p for Cochran Q = 0.02; I2 = 63%). Presence of statistical heterogeneity was noted with no sign of significant publication bias. Conclusion Although vitamin C administration did not reduce pooled mortality, patients may profit if vitamin C is administered over 3 to 4 days. Consequently, further research is needed to identify patient subgroups that might benefit from intravenous supplementation of vitamin C.

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Aims:We aimed at developing a structured study protocol utilizing the bibliographic web-application science performance evaluation (SciPE) to perform comprehensive scientometric analyses.Methods and results: Metadata related to publications derived from online databases were processed and visualized by transferring the information to an undirected multipartite graph and distinct partitioned sets of nodes. Also, institutionspecific data was normalized and merged allowing precise geocoordinate positioning, to enable heatmapping and valid identification. As a result, verified, processed data regarding articles, institutions, journals, authors gender, nations and subject categories can be obtained. We recommend including the total number of publications, citations, the population, research institutions, gross domestic product, and the country-specific modified Hirsch-Index and to form corresponding ratios (e.g. population/publication). Also, our approach includes implementation of bioinformatical methods such as heatmapping based on exact geocoordinates, simple chord diagrams, and the central implementation of specific ratios with plain visualization techniques. Conclusion:This protocol allows precise conduction of contemporaneous scientometric analyses based on bioinformatic and meta-analytical techniques allowing to evaluate and contextualize scientific efforts. Data presentation with the depicted visualization techniques are mandatory for transparent and consistent analyses of research output across different nations and topics. Research performance can then be discussed in a synopsis of all findings.

Background Central arteriovenous fistula ( AVF ) creation is under investigation for treatment of severe hypertension. We evaluated the effects of AVF for initiation of hemodialysis on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Methods and Results Data search included PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed studies reporting the effects of the creation/ligation of an AVF on blood pressure in patients with end‐stage renal disease was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis), PRISMA ‐P (PRISMA for systematic review protocols), and ROBINS‐I (Risk of Bias in Non‐Randomized Studies) criteria by the Cochrane Bias Methods Group. All studies in which the results could have been biased by hemodialysis were excluded. A total of 14 trials including 412 patients with end‐stage renal disease ( AVF creation, n=185; AVF ligation, n=227) fulfilled the criteria and were subsequently analyzed. Average blood pressure in patients with no/closed AVF was 140.5/77.6 mm Hg with a mean arterial blood pressure of 96.1 mm Hg. Following creation of AVF , systolic blood pressure significantly decreased by 8.7 mm Hg ( P <0.001), diastolic blood pressure by 5.9 mm Hg ( P <0.001), and mean arterial blood pressure by 6.6 mm Hg ( P =0.02), whereas after ligation systolic blood pressure increased by 5.2 mm Hg ( P =0.07), diastolic blood pressure by 3.8 mm Hg ( P =0.02), and mean arterial blood pressure by 3.7 mm Hg ( P =0.07) during short‐ to long‐term follow‐up. Conclusions Creation of AVF significantly decreases blood pressure in patients with end‐stage renal disease, whereas blood pressure tends to increase after ligation. These findings illustrate the hemodynamic consequences of AVF which are under investigation for severe hypertension.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective The outcome following revascularization using contemporary technologies (new-generation abluminal sirolimuseluting stents with thin struts) in patients with CKD (i.e., glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 ) and in patients with hemodialysis (HD) is unknown. Methods e-Ultimaster is a prospective, single-arm, multi-center registry with clinical follow-up at 3 months and 1 year. Results A total of 19,475 patients were enrolled, including 1466 patients with CKD, with 167 undergoing HD. Patients with CKD had a higher prevalence of overall comorbidities, multiple/small vessel disease (≤ 2.75 mm), bifurcation lesions, and more often left main artery treatments (all p < 0.0001) when compared with patients with normal renal function (reference). CKD patients had a higher risk of target lesion failure (unadjusted OR, 2.51 [95% CI 2.04-3.08]), target vessel failure (OR, 2.44 [95% CI 2.01-2.96]), patient-oriented composite end point (OR, 2.19 [95% CI 1.87-2.56]), and major adverse cardiovascular events (OR, 2.34 [95% CI 1.93-2.83, p for all < 0.0001]) as reference. The rates of target lesion revascularization (OR, 1.17 [95% CI 0.79-1.73], p = 0.44) were not different. Bleeding complications were more frequently observed in CKD than in the reference (all p < 0.0001). Conclusion In this worldwide registry, CKD patients presented with more comorbidities and more complex lesions when compared with the reference population. They experienced higher rate of adverse events at 1-year follow-up.