The possibility that quinones serve as electron-accepting
moieties when microorganisms transfer electrons to
humic substances was investigated. Humic substances
from a variety of environments had the ability to accept
electrons from a humics-reducing microorganism, Geobacter
metallireducens. A lignaceous carbon source for the
humic substances was not necessary in order for the humic
substances to act as electron acceptors. Humic
substances extracted from soils typically had a greater
electron-accepting capacity than humic substances extracted
from aquatic sediments, and sediment humic substances
had more electron-accepting capacity than dissolved aquatic
humic substances. Electron spin resonance measurements
at pH 10 demonstrated that humic substances that had
a higher electron-accepting capacity also had a higher free
radical content than did humic substances with a lower
electron-accepting capacity. The ESR spectra were
consistent with semiquinones as the main organic radicals.
Microbial reduction of humic substances resulted in an
increase in semiquinones that was in proportion to
the electron-accepting capacity of the humic substances.
These results provide direct evidence that organic
radicals in humic substances, which are primarily quinone
groups, are reduced when humics-reducing microorganisms
transfer electrons to humic substances.
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