Multicharged Si and Fe ions are produced from solid materials in a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. The ECR plasma is confined in a magnetic mirror field superimposed on an octupole magnetic field. Ar gas is normally chosen for working gas at pressures of 10−4 to 10−3 Pa. Si and Fe ions are produced by sputtering and evaporating solid materials, which are safe and easy to handle. The Fe (or Si) target is mounted at the tip of an insulated holder and inserted into the plasma. The negative dc bias voltages are applied to the target and multicharged Fe (or Si) ions are produced. Fe filament is evaporated in the ECR plasma by direct ohmic heating, and multicharged Fe ions are produced. Multicharged ions up to Fe6+ are produced by using both methods of sputtering and evaporating and Si4+ by using the sputtering method. The maximum ratio of the Fe and Si ion currents to total Ar ion current are about 15% and 13% obtained by the sputtering method, respectively. The maximum current densities of Fe+ and Fe4+ are 1.1×10−1 and 4.1×10−4 mA/cm2 obtained by the sputtering method, respectively.
Extraction and transport of multicharged ions have been experimentally investigated on a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source. The extractor consists of an electrode facing the ECR plasma (plasma electrode) and three cylindrical electrodes (E1–E3). The extractor is moved at several positions on the geometrical axis. The gap length between the plasma and E1 electrodes can be moved in vacuum while keeping gaps of the other electrodes constant. Characteristics of the total extraction current are investigated by a Faraday cup set just downstream at the extractor while simultaneously monitoring the currents flowing to electrodes and the drain in various experimental conditions. Several kinds of potential forms of the electrodes are investigated and the gap lengths are surveyed and optimized experimentally. The mass/charge spectrum of the extracted multicharged ion current is investigated by the Faraday cup set downstream at the sector magnet. The features of the extraction condition for the charge states are also investigated. After optimization in these procedures, the multicharged ion currents have been enhanced by 1 order of magnitude more than those in the previous experiments.
Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis complicated with acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia in a young Japanese woman. A precise examination of the lipid profile showed decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity levels, while the LPL mass was at the minimum level of the normal range.
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