Student's critical thinking and their learning result depend on learning design and student's activity. Most students use their spare time with playing game. Students are more challenged by the difficulty in playing game rather than facing the difficulty in understanding the lesson. This phenomenon is the basic reason of the researchers to develop a game that has the essence of the subject matter, namely Chemistry Board Game (CBG) or we can call it with Al Chemist Knight. This research aims to develop a suitable digital game based on android system. In this research media was used to improve the cognitive learning and critical thinking. It also has purpose to evaluate the response of learners in learning chemistry through alkane derived compound topic. The development of this game was adapted from the procedure of game development process in mobile 3D presentation. The collection of evaluation data model applied was pre test and post test in trial class. The result showed that in the pretest the learning result average was 34.35 with classical target of 5%. While the posttest learning result average was 80.51 with classical target of 85%. The n-gain factor was 0.703. Based on the result of the students questionnaire data analysis, 3.025 of students responded positively to the implementation of CBG. A CBG media makes an assessment of critical thinking, in which the indicator of critical thinking which are focusing on questions get 3,1 point, giving arguments get 2.95, asking and answering questions get 3.0, making decision get 3.05, and the average score of critical thinking indicator is 3.025 which belongs to good category. Based on the students' response questionnaire, we get the average score of 3.3 or 82.5% which is classified in good category.
Direct fully bio-based polymer synthesis by cellulose modification involving simply mixing cellulose and cinnamaldehyde “cinnamon flavor” in an ionic liquid.
The role of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium carboxylate-type ionic liquid as the solvent and organocatalyst for transesterification reaction of cellulose was investigated.
To become independent of petroleum
resources, societies have to
develop methods to synthesize full-biobased polymers from natural
products directly. In this study, full-biobased cellulose esters were
synthesized by the oxidative esterification process between cellulose
and natural α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in an ionic liquid
working as solvent and catalyst. The role of the ionic liquid in this
cellulose-modification system was systematically investigated, and
a newly designed noncarboxylate-type ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
2-pyridinolate (EmimOPy), was developed to prevent a serious side
reaction in which the carboxylate anion of the carboxylate-type ionic
liquid is introduced into the hydroxyl group of cellulose as an ester
group on the products. Under optimized conditions, this oxidative
esterification-reaction system in EmimOPy afforded fully substituted
cellulose ester (up to the degree of substitution = 3.0). Furthermore,
cellulose reacted with several types of aldehyde substrates, even
biobased low-reactive α- or β-substituted unsaturated
aldehydes (e.g., citral and perillaldehyde). Thus, this synthesis
demonstrates excellent atom economy without using any additional catalysts
or activators under metal-free conditions.
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