pH1N1 in children differed from seasonal influenza A in risk factors, clinical presentation, and length of hospital stay, but not ICU admission or mortality.

BackgroundAs observed during the 2009 pandemic, a novel influenza virus can spread globally before the epidemic peaks locally. As consistencies in the relative timing and direction of spread could form the basis for an early alert system, the objectives of this study were to use the case-based reporting system for laboratory confirmed influenza from the Canadian FluWatch surveillance program to identify the geographic scale at which spatial synchrony exists and then to describe the geographic patterns of influenza A virus across Canada and in relationship to activity in the United States (US).Methodology/Principal FindingsWeekly laboratory confirmations for influenza A were obtained from the Canadian FluWatch and the US FluView surveillance programs from 1997/98 to 2006/07. For the six seasons where at least 80% of the specimens were antigenically similar, we identified the epidemic midpoint of the local/regional/provincial epidemics and analyzed trends in the direction of spread. In three out of the six seasons, the epidemic appeared first in Canada. Regional epidemics were more closely synchronized across the US (3–5 weeks) compared to Canada (5–13 weeks), with a slight gradient in timing from the southwest regions in the US to northeast regions of Canada and the US. Cities, as well as rural areas within provinces, usually peaked within a couple of weeks of each other. The anticipated delay in peak activity between large cities and rural areas was not observed. In some mixed influenza A seasons, lack of synchronization sub-provincially was evident.Conclusions/SignificanceAs mixing between regions appears to be too weak to force a consistency in the direction and timing of spread, local laboratory-based surveillance is needed to accurately assess the level of influenza activity in the community. In comparison, mixing between urban communities and adjacent rural areas, and between some communities, may be sufficient to force synchronization.

BackgroundThe weekly proportion of laboratory tests that are positive for influenza is used in public health surveillance systems to identify periods of influenza activity. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity of influenza testing in Canada based on results of a national respiratory virus surveillance system.Methods and FindingsThe weekly number of influenza-negative tests from 1999 to 2006 was modelled as a function of laboratory-confirmed positive tests for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses, seasonality, and trend using Poisson regression. Sensitivity was calculated as the number of influenza positive tests divided by the number of influenza positive tests plus the model-estimated number of false negative tests. The sensitivity of influenza testing was estimated to be 33% (95%CI 32–34%), varying from 30–40% depending on the season and region.ConclusionsThe estimated sensitivity of influenza tests reported to this national laboratory surveillance system is considerably less than reported test characteristics for most laboratory tests. A number of factors may explain this difference, including sample quality and specimen procurement issues as well as test characteristics. Improved diagnosis would permit better estimation of the burden of influenza.

This paper highlights findings on cancer trends from the Canadian Cancer Statistics 2021 report. Trends were measured using annual percent change (APC) of age-standardized incidence rates. Overall, cancer incidence rates are declining (−1.1%) but the findings are specific to the type of cancer and patient sex. For example, in males, the largest decreases per year were for prostate (−4.4%), colorectal (−4.3%), lung (−3.8%), leukemia (−2.6%) and thyroid (−2.4%) cancers. In females, the largest decreases were for thyroid (−5.4%), colorectal (−3.4%) and ovarian (−3.1%) cancers.

Cet article met en lumière les tendances en matière de cancer tirées des résultats du rapport Statistiques canadiennes sur le cancer 2021. Ces tendances ont été mesurées à l’aide de la variation annuelle en pourcentage (VAP) des taux d’incidence normalisés selon l’âge. Globalement, les taux d’incidence du cancer sont en baisse (−1,1 %), mais avec des variations en fonction du type de cancer et du sexe du patient. Ainsi, chez les hommes, les plus fortes baisses par année ont été observées pour le cancer de la prostate (−4,4 %), le cancer colorectal (−4,3 %), le cancer du poumon (−3,8 %), la leucémie (−2,6 %) et le cancer de la thyroïde (−2,4 %). Chez les femmes, les diminutions les plus marquées ont été observées pour le cancer de la thyroïde (−5,4 %), le cancer colorectal (−3,4 %) et le cancer de l’ovaire (−3,1 %).