Kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) mengandung sejumlah besar polifenol dan flavonoid yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan untuk mencegah penuaan dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh sediaan emulgel dari ekstrak kulit buah kakao yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak kental kulit buah kakao dibuat dengan metode maserasi kinetik menggunakan etanol 70% yang dipekatkan menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak diuji menggunakan metode DPPH. Ekstrak kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan emulgel dengan metode emulsifikasi. Emulgel dievaluasi mutu fisik dan kimia meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, viskositas dan sifat alir, tipe emulsi, kemampuan menyebar, sentrifugasi, pH, freeze thaw, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kulit buah kakao memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 10,03 ± 0,43 bpj. Emulgel formula terbaik yang dihasilkan berbentuk semi padat, homogen, berwarna coklat dan beraroma khas coklat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 143,12 ± 5,32 bpj. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan formula emulgel ekstrak kulit buah kakao berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sediaan antioksidan. Kata kunci: antioksidan, emulgel, kulit buah kakao
Objective: The study aimed to obtain active compounds from Cymbopogon nardus as candidates for protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 virus by assessing the ligand-binding affinity in the binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein. Methods: Molecular docking as a protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 was carried using computational software Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD); computational docking was carried using receptors with Protein Data Bank (PDB) were also used to compare the affinity strength of the test compounds against the protease receptor (code of 5R81). The compounds of Cymbopogon nardus were optimized before docking using ChemDraw and minimized energy using Chem3D. Visualization of the docking result by using Discovery Studio and pkCSM was utilized to perform a pharmacokinetic and toxicological analysis (ADMET). Results: The result showed geranyl acetate, elemol, citronellal, and citronellyl acetate compounds from Cymbopogon nardus has a rerank score more negative than native ligand from 5R81 receptor as a protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Cymbopogon nardus can be developed as an antivirus with the mechanism of a protease inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 candidates after further experimental tests.
Objective: The purpose of this study was evaluated the presence or absence of pathogenic microbial contamination in traditional medicinal preparations containing red ginger based on specific microbial tests and evaluating the amount of microbial contamination in traditional medicinal preparations containing red ginger based on the Total Plate Number and Mold Yeast values. Methods: This research was conducted on instant powdered herbal preparations containing red ginger and internal medicinal liquid containing red ginger. This preparation will be tested for safety and quality requirements including Total Plate Number with Tryptic Soy Agar media, Yeast Mold Number with Saboroud Dextrose Agar media, Enterobacteriaceae Numbers with Violet Red Bile Glucose media, Escherichia coli with Mac Conkey Agar media, Clostridia sp with Reinforced media Medium for Clostridia, Salmonella sp with Rappaport Vasiliadis medium Salmonella Enrichment Broth, and Shigella sp with Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar. Results: The results of the study for the Total Plate Count and Mold and Yeast values in red ginger instant powder preparations were<10 CFU/gr, for testing the microbes Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Clostridia, and Shigella sp. is negative. Then, the results of the research on the medicinal liquid in red ginger for microbial contamination values were<10 CFU/gr, for testing Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Clostridia, and Shigella sp. is negative/gr. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that herbal preparations containing red ginger meet the safety and quality requirements so that they are safe for consumption.
Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving the synovial lining of the major joints. Our study involves bioactive compounds of Cymbopogon Nardus as possible Rheumatoid arthritis drugs in silico targeted TNF-α, JAK1/2, JAK3, PAD4, and DHFR. Methods: Using computational docking and receptors from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) files 2AZ5, 3EYG, 3LXY, 1DLS, and 1WDA. Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 was utilized to undertake an in silico anti-arthritis drugs study. ChemDraw 3D was utilized to minimize the ligand's energy before docking, and the structures Native Ligand were employed as positive control medications. A pharmacokinetic and toxicological study was performed using SwissADME (ADME) and PK-CMS. Results: Using the Moldock SE mechanism calculates the binding (atom) energies of each protein (Enzyme) and each ligand at the least energetic conformation state. Docking results of ten tested bioactive compounds have not displayed the Lowest rerank score scores and best fit within the prominent active site residues. Conclusion: The Essentials oils from Cymbopogon nardus have not effectively suppressed the Rheumatoid Arthritis pathway through inhibition of TNF-α, JAK1/2, JAK3, PAD4, and DHFR which can serve as potential lead compounds for the development of new drugs for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.